The Evil Queen , also called Wicked Queen , is the main fictional and antagonist character in "Snow White", a German fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm; Similar stories are also known to exist in other countries. Another version of the Queen appeared in the work of the "Snow White" derivative, and the character has also become an archetype for unrelated fiction.
The Queen is the evil and vindictive stepmother of Snow White who is obsessed with being "the fairest in the country". The beautiful young Princess of Snow Princess evokes envy on the Queen, so she designs plans to kill Snow White through the use of magic. The driving force in the story is the Miraculous Mirror of the Queen. In the traditional resolution of the story, the Queen was cruelly executed for her crimes. The story is intended as a lesson for young people who warn them against narcissism and pride.
Various other versions of the Queen appeared in the next adaptation and follow-up of fairy tales, including novels and films. In this case, the Queen is often imagined and sometimes portrayed more sympathetically, such as being morally conflicted or suffering from insanity instead of just evil. In some revisionist stories he is even described as an antihero or a tragic hero. In some instances, he serves as a storyteller or narrator; one of the most famous versions is Disney's, sometimes known as Queen Grimhilde. The Queen has also become an archetype that inspires some of the characters featured in works that are not directly based on the original story.
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The Evil Queen is a very beautiful but arrogant and arrogant woman who secretly dabbled in dark art. When the King's first wife, the Good Queen died, Snow White's father remarried. The new wife and the two Kings are very beautiful, but she is also a wicked and vain woman who becomes the new and second Queen, and stepmother of Snow White. She has a mirror mirror, which one day tells her that her step daughter Princess Snow White has surpassed her beauty. After deciding to remove Snow White, the Queen orders her Hunter to bring the princess into the forest and kill her. The Queen tells her to bring back the lungs and hearts of Snow White, as evidence that the princess has died. However, Huntsman is sorry for Snow White, and instead, brings Queen Lung and the liver of a boar. The Queen then eats what she believes to be a Snow White organ.
While questioning her mirror, Queen finds that Snow White has survived. Intending to kill Snow White herself, she uses magic to prepare poison and take the disguise of an old merchant woman. She visits the dwarf's house and sells White White laces for the corset that she wore too tightly in an effort to contaminate the girl. When that fails, the Queen returns, as a different old lady, and the Snow White trick uses a poisoned comb. When the comb fails to kill Snow White, the Queen returns to visit Snow White, this time disguised as a farmer's wife, and gives Snow White a poisoned apple.
Finally, Snow White and the Prince of another kingdom uncover the nature of the Queen and invite her to their marriage, where she is forced to wear hot iron shoes and "dance" until she dies.
Substitute fate
In the classic end of "Snow White", the Evil Queen is tricked into attending Snow White's wedding and executed by torture; this is often considered too dark and potentially horrible for children in modern society. Sara Maitland writes that "we do not tell part of this story anymore, we say it's too cruel and will break the children's tender heart." Therefore, many modern (fairy tale) revisions of fairy tales often turn a dreadful classic ending to make it appear less harsh. In some versions, instead of dying, the Queen was even simply prevented from making further mistakes. However, in the same British poll of 2014 which considers the Queen of "Snow White" the most frightening fairy tale of all time (as quoted by 32.21% of respondents who responded), about two-thirds argue that today's story is too "sanitized" for children.
Already the first English translation of Grimms' tale, written by Edgar Taylor in 1823, has a choking queen of envy at Snow White's view of life. Another early English translation (1871) by Susannah Mary Paull "replaced the Queen's death with brutal physical punishment with death by pain and self-destruction" when it was her own shoe that got hot from her anger. The other ends can make the Queen instantly die "anger" at the wedding or in front of her mirror after knowing about it, dying for her own faulty design (like touching her own poisonous roses) or by nature (like falling into the sand when crossing the swamp on the way back after poisoning Snow White), killed by a dwarf during the pursuit, destroyed by his own mirror, run into the forest to never be seen again, or just be banished from the kingdom forever.
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Analysis
Origin and evolution
The origins of The Evil Queen can be traced to the character of Silver-Tree, a jealous queen who threatens her daughter, in the Celtic oral story "Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree". According to Kenny Klein, Ceridwen enchantress from Welsh mythology is "quintissential evil stepmother, the origin of characters in two stories Snow White and Cinderella". Oliver Madox Hueffer notes that an evil stepmother who threatens a young princess is a recurring theme in a fairy tale; One such character is the witch queen in "The Wild Swans" as told by Hans Christian Andersen.
Rosemary Ellen Guiley points out that the Queen uses apples for remembering Eve's temptations; This creation story of the Bible leads the Christian Church to see the apple as a symbol of sin. Many people fear apples can bring evil spirits, and magicians use them for poisoning. Robert G. Brown of Duke University also makes connections with the story of Adam and Eve, seeing the Queen as a representation of Lilith's archetype. The apple symbol has long had traditional associations with charm and magic in some European cultures, as in the case of Morgan le Fay's Avalon ("Isle of the Apples").
In some Scottish versions of the fairy tale "Snow White" -a fairy tale, a trout that speaks in the Queen's mirror, the Queen is the mother's daughter, and not her stepmother, the hunter's figure is the princess's own father, and the Queen's fate remains unsolved. His story varies from place to place, with the Queen using various tricks against the princess. For example, in Italy, the Queen uses a poisoned comb, a contaminated pastry, or a choking braid. The Queen's request for proof from the hunter (often her lover in the non-Grimm version) also varies: a bottle of blood clogged with a princess's footstool in Spain, or a daughter's intestine and a sodden shirt in Italy. In France, the local story features poisonous tomatoes. One of the earliest variations of the story is "The Young Slave" by Giambattista Basile.
The Grimm brothers discovered the motive of the Queen's execution at Snow White's wedding; the original story saw him punished by the King. The Grimms noted on the margins of their 1810 manuscript: "The ends are not true and lacking something." Diane Purkiss attributes Queen's death to the "confidence of the people that burns the wizard's body to end its power, the weakening (but not causing) conviction of witches in Germany", while the American Folklore Society notes that the use of iron shoes "recalls the practice of the people destroying a wizards through iron magic agents ".
The Brothers Grimm collected German fairy tales in their 1812 Kinder- und HausmÃÆ'¤rchen ("Children and Household Stories", better known in English as Fairy Tales Grimms). In the first edition of the Grimm Brothers story, Queen is the mother of Snow White, not her stepmother. This motif changed in the next version, after 1819. The earliest version was known as "Snow Drop". Jack Zipes says "the change from 'evil mother' to 'evil stepmother' for example, is because the brothers' are held as saints." According to Sheldon Cashdan, Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts, "the main rule of fairy tale" and female heroes are allowed to kill magicians, witches, even stepmothers, but never their own mothers. "Zipes' collection of fairy tale Grimm 2014 in their original form returns the Queen as the mother of Snow Princess.
Interpretation
According to some experts, stories are built and characters are presented with an ageist tone. University of Hawaii professor Cristina Bacchilega said, "I think there's still so much attachment to slandering an older and stronger woman." Roger Sale argues that "the term 'narcissism' seems utterly too slippery to be the only thing we want here.There is, for example, no suggestion that the queen's absorption in her beauty ever gives her pleasure, or that desire for power through sexual attraction is itself a sexual feeling.What is emphasized is the anger and fear that is present in the queen consciousness that when she and Snow Princess are both getting older, she has to lose.This is why the main feeling involved is not jealousy but envy: to make an important beauty is to reduce the world to one where only two are counted. "Terri Windling writes that the Queen is" a woman whose power comes from her beauty: this is the implicit story that provides her place in the hierarchy of the castle. "If the king's attention changes from his wife to another, what power is left for women yes ng old? Magic, fairy tale answers. Potions, toxins, and self-protection. "According to Zipes," the act of the queen is determined by the mirror representation of himself as an example of beauty and evil, or linking evil and pride with beauty, and the representation of this mirror is taken as truth by the queen. Whether he might doubt and break a mirror, solve the meaning of a mirror, he may still be alive today. Deborah Lipp, discussing the character's archetype, states that "Western culture actually, for hundreds of years, connects powerful ideas, commands women with magic and evil. That is why, in my opinion, the most attractive woman in the story is a criminal.. "Zipes argues that the Queen's character is much more complex and" as her figure is much more interesting than the stupid, innocent, na'¯ Snow White. So why not focus on this tragic figure in many, many ways. We really do not know much about him - where he gets his strength. He is mysterious. "
Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar regarded Snow White and her stepmother as two female stereotypes, angels and monsters. The fact that Queen was the biological mother of Snow White in the first version of the Grimm story has caused some psychoanalytic criticism to interpret "Snow White" as a story about the oppressed Oedipus complex, or about the Electra Snow White complex. Harold Bloom argues that all three "temptations" "testify of the sexual attraction shared between Snow White and his stepmother." According to Bruno Bettelheim, the main motive of the story is "the clash of sexual innocence and sexual desire" and Cashdan writes that "Queen's unrelenting demand," Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who is the most beautiful of them all? 'literally reflects his fear that the king will find Snow White more attractive than he is. Thus is an implicit sexual struggle between the young girl and the queen. "This struggle so dominates the psychological landscape of the story, that Gilber and Gubar even proposed to change the name of the story" Snow White and His Evil Stepmother ".
According to Bettelheim, "only the death of the jealous queen (the abolition of all external and inner turbulence) can make the world happy." Cash and argued that "the witch's death signifies the triumph of virtue for evil, a sign that the positive power within the self has prevailed," and "the active involvement of the hero in the death of the wizard communicates with the reader that they must take an active role in overcoming their own evil tendencies." evil "manifests narcissism, and the younger daughter, with whom the reader identifies, manifests the parts of the child who are struggling to overcome this tendency, defeating the queen representing the triumph of a positive force within oneself for a futile impulse. According to Cashdan, "his death is the emotional essence of the story" because the story can easily end in the resurrection of Snow White, "but there is one detail that needs to be solved: the evil queen is still alive, its existence continues, meaning not only Snow White's in danger, but the princess tends to be in vain temptation for the rest of his days Unless the wicked woman is eliminated once and for all, the Snow Princess will never be free. "Similarly, psychologist Betsy Cohen wrote that" to avoid being the evil queen alone, Snow White needs to separate and kill this destructive power within her.The death of the evil queen allows the Snow White to truly celebrate her marriage, uniting herself. "Cohen further writes that" the queen is forced to face his own mortality, the inevitable death When Princess Snow attacked herself from her wicked stepmother, she, at saa t the same, next in line to become a mother herself - more capable, we hope, to face jealousy from her stepmother. "
Regarding the execution of the Queen, Jo Eldridge Carney, Professor of English at The College of New Jersey, writes: "Once again, the fairy tale system is horrible but correct: a woman is so actively consumed by seeking affirmation from others and by violently destroying his rival was forced to impose his own physical destruction as a public spectacle. "According to Sheldon Donald Haase, Professor of Germany, and Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Wayne State University," the measure of justice is achieved "with" sadistic punishment to some extent in accordance with crime. A shining shoe, a symbol suitable for his uncontrollable jealousy, brings his last death. "Likewise, Mary Ayers of Stanford University School of Medicine wrote that hot-red shoes represented the Queen" experiencing the effects of her hot envy and hatred, burning herself. " It is also noted that this ending echoes the "Red Shoes" tale, which equals "warning of the dangers of attachment to appearance."
John Hanson Saunders of Pennsylvania State University writes that the Queen's "somewhat barbaric... torture and death... provides closure to the reader and the death seems more fitting... His death can provide justice and enable the viewer to see a good victory over evil." Cash and argued that, from a psychological point of view, the Queen can not escape or just be confined to a dungeon or exiled, because the story has described her "as a truly despicable being deserving the worst possible punishment." In addition, he claims "terrible death" is necessary because, as in some other fairy tales, "if a witch should die - and remain dead - he must die in a way that makes it back very unlikely," and so "the reader needs to know that death witch is thorough and complete, even if it means exposing young readers to extreme acts of violence by contemporary standards. " On the other hand, Oliver Madox Hueffer writes that "it is impossible not to feel certain sympathy with this poor royal woman in the next destiny." According to Sharna Olfman, Professor of Psychology at Point Park University, "When reading or listening to stories, children are not attacked with fake graphic visual images, they do not have to look close-up... painful pain in the queen's eyes as she dances to death. "However, Olfman's personal preference is" skip the scene of torture as I read these stories to the children. " Anthony Burgess commented: "Read it, how seriously can we do it? It is fairy tale violence, which is unlike the real looting, terrorism, and torture of Argentina."
In derivative works
The character is depicted in various ways in the subsequent adaptation and reimagination of classical tales. According to Lana Berkowitz of the Houston Chronicle, "Today the stereotype of the evil queen and the innocent Snow White is often challenged.Reprints may show the queen reacts to special circumstances." Scott Meslow of The Atlantic notes that "Disney's decision to get rid of a really grim end of Grimms - punishing an evil queen for dancing with heated iron boots until his death - means that all ends is simply forgotten."
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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