The Norwegian monarchy is the head of the Norwegian monarch's state, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous small kingdoms united to form Norway; has been working with Sweden and Denmark for a long time.
The current king is King Harald V, who has ruled since January 17, 1991, succeeding his father, Olav V. His son who is clearly his only son, Crown Prince of Haakon. The crown prince performs various ceremonial functions of the public, as does the king's wife, Queen Sonja. The crown prince also acts as a regent in the absence of kings. There are several other members of the Royal Family, including princesses, grandchildren and siblings. Since the dissolution of Norway and Sweden and the election of Danish princes as King Haakon VII in 1905, the Norwegian royal palace has become a branch of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg; derived from Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, the same royal house as the Danish royal family and the former Greek family.
While the Norwegian Constitution provides an important executive power to the King, this is almost always done by the State Council on behalf of the King (King's Council, or cabinet). Formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgment, but parliamentary practice has existed since 1884. The practice of the constitution has replaced the King's meaning in many articles of the king's constitution personally to the elected government. The power given to the king is significant, but is treated only as a reserve force and as an essential security part of the role of monarchy.
The king does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratified the laws and resolutions of the kingdom, received and sent emissaries from and to foreign countries and hosted state visits. It has a more realistic influence as a symbol of national unity. The annual New Year's Eve speech is an occasion when the King has traditionally raised negative issues. The King is also the Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and the Grand Master of the Royal Order of the Kingdom of St. Olav and from the Norwegian Merit Order of the Kingdom. The king has no official role in the Norwegian Church, but is required by the Constitution to become a member.
Video Monarchy of Norway
History
The position of the King of Norway has existed continuously since the unification of Norway in 872. Although Norway has officially become a hereditary kingdom throughout that time, there are several examples of elective succession: the latter, in 1905 Haakon VII was elected by the Norwegians to the position of king through the plebiscite. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament, albeit without the possibility of success. This gave the Norwegian monarchy a unique status as a popularly elected royal family and received official official confirmation of support from Storting.
Kingdom of Germany
Before and in the early phase Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. This is considered to follow the same tradition with other German monarchies at that time: the king was usually elected by high-ranking peasants in the area and primarily served as a judge in the assembly of the people, as priest at the time of sacrifice and as a military leader at the time of the war.
Harald Fairhair was the first Norwegian king. The date of the first formation of the united Norwegian kingdom was designated 872, when he defeated the last little kings who rejected him at the Battle of Hafrsfjord; But the consolidation of his power took years. The boundaries of the Fairhair kingdom are not identical to those in Norway today, and after his death, the kingdom is divided among his sons. Some historians emphasize the true monarchy control over the state and assert that Olaf II, aka Saint Olaf, who ruled from 1015 to 1028, was the first king to control the whole country. Olaf is generally regarded as the driving force behind Norway's final conversion to Christianity. Furthermore, it was in 1031 worshiped as Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae ("The Eternal King of Norway"), and then the 1163 Succession Act states that all kings after Olaf II's son, Magnus I, were not independent kings, but followers hold Norway as the territory of Saint Olaf.
Medieval
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Norwegian kingdom was at the geographical and cultural top. The kingdom includes Norway (including the Swedish provinces of Jemtland, Herjedalen, SÃÆ'Â|rna, Idre and BÃÆ'  ¥ huslen), Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney, and other small areas of the British Isles. The King has diplomatic relations with most of the European empires and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, among others. Huge castles like Haakon's Hall and the cathedral, Nidaros Cathedral's most famous, were built.
In the tradition of German monarchy, the king should be elected by the aristocratic assemblies. The man who qualifies for the election should be noble-blooded; but the king's previous eldest son was not automatically chosen. During the era of civil war, the obscure law of succession and the power-sharing practice between several kings simultaneously gave private conflict potentially a major war. For centuries the kings consolidated their power, and finally the strict succession law made Norway a hereditary empire. In practice the king was chosen by RiksrÃÆ'  ¥ d in a manner similar to Denmark. He holds on hÃÆ'  ¥ ndfÃÆ'Â|stning and is governed in the aristocratic council of Norway in accordance with existing law.
After the death of Haakon VI of Norway in 1380, his son Olav IV of Norway succeeded in occupying the Norwegian and Danish throne and was also elected the King of Sweden. After his death at the age of 17, his mother Margrethe united three Scandinavian kingdoms in a private union under one crown, at the Kalmar Union. Olav's death quelled the Norwegian male lineage; he is also the last Norwegian king born on Norwegian soil for the next 567 years.
The Black Death of 1349-51 contributed to the decline of the Norwegian monarchy, as the noble families and the population were largely affected. But the most damaging factor for the nobility and monarchy in Norway is the sharp drop in revenues from their holdings. Many farms are abandoned and rented and taxes suffer. This caused the Norwegian monarchy to weaken in employment, noble support, self-defense, and economic power.
Persistent from union
The Kalmar Society is not only made possible by the complex history of the Scandinavian royal dynasty, but also, inter alia, a direct reaction to the expansive and aggressive policies of the Hanseatic League.
On June 6, 1523 Sweden abandoned the union permanently, leaving Norway in union equivalent to a Danish king who had begun to centralize the trade union government.
In later centuries Norwegian kings mostly lived abroad. This weakened the structure of the Norwegian monarchical government: Riks dÃÆ'  ¥ d, for example, gradually marred as the Norwegian nobility did not have the King's trust at the same level as their Danish counterparts. The King was also less able to govern in accordance with the needs of Norway, because the long distance makes him and his counselor less knowledgeable about conditions in Norway.
Norway is one of the few countries where the archdiocese is adjacent to the national territory. The Church is an important factor in the defense of a separate Norwegian monarchy. In the 16th century a power struggle between Norwegian nobles and kings peaked at the same time as the Protestant Reformation. This led to a series of events in which the struggle against Danish domination in Norway was combined with the struggle against the Reformation. When both fail, the effect is very bad. Norwegian Catholic bishops were replaced with Danish and Norwegian churches conquered and made entirely by the Danes. The Norwegian RiksrÃÆ'  ¥ d was abolished in 1536, and more and more foreigners were appointed to important positions in Norway.
The Danish nobles encouraged the king to reduce Norway to the Danish province so that they could better control the election of the king in the future. However, the hereditary nature of the Norwegian monarchy meant that the King had to defend the basic principle of Norway as a separate and still-existing kingdom. If Danish nobles were chosen as kings, someone other than the next in the throne of the Kingdom would be dissolved. This gives the king a top hand in the negotiations for hÃÆ'  ¥ ndfesting . The potential heir to Norway is present in the royal dynasty of Sweden and Schleswig-Holstein, so if the King of Denmark does not affirm his position as King of Norway, they will do so.
During this time the Danish kings were more busy with securing the traditional Danish suburbs, and therefore little attention and made some attempts to defend the interests of Norway. As a result, Jemtland, Herjedalen, BÃÆ'  ¥ huslen, Shetland and Orkney disappeared into Sweden and Scotland. In addition, all contact with Greenland stopped.
In 1661, Frederick III introduced an absolute monarchy in Denmark and Norway and introduced new laws in both countries to that effect. Until then Magnus's law of amending the law given in 1274 and 1276 had become the law of Norway. The Christian Law of Norway IV is essentially a translation into Danish from the older law. 1661 also marks the point when the last remnants of representational local government are removed and must be rebuilt. However, the process began immediately when local people began to put pressure on local governors to gain or regain influence on local issues.
The emerging independence
During the Napoleonic Wars, the King adjusted Denmark-Norway with France. When Napoleon lost the war, the king was forced to surrender Norway to the king of Sweden under the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. Originally it was proposed that the Norwegian dependencies of Greenland, Iceland and Faroes would remain with Norway, but that time was falling during the negotiations, so they became Danish.
Upon hearing the news of the treaty, the Danish-Norwegian Royal Prince, Christian Frederick, the resident young king in Norway, participated in the formation of the Norwegian independence movement. The independence movement was successful, partly because of the silent support of the Danish Kingdom, but also because of a strong desire for independence in Norway. On April 10, the national assembly meets in Eidsvoll to decide the constitution. Norway declared independence on May 17, 1814, choosing Christian Frederick as King. The short war with Sweden later that year ended with the Moss Convention. This led to the exclusion of Christian Frederick, and Norwegian Storting who chose Charles XIII of Sweden as King of Norway, creating unity between Sweden and Norway. In turn the king recognized the Norwegian constitution, which was only amended to facilitate trade unions.
The end result is that the Norwegian monarchy becomes a constitutional monarchy. In this new union the King is much more like the King of Norway than under the previous Danish system. The only policy area that is not in Norwegian hands is foreign policy.
Norway has been brought into the new development of the world when they arrived in Denmark. However, with the break Norway is able to build a more progressive political development than it did in Denmark. Denmark introduced a constitutional monarchy 35 years after Norway. Parliamentarianism was introduced in Norway 17 years before Denmark and 33 years before Sweden. Unity with Denmark also had a devastating effect on the monarchy: among other things this resulted in the now-defunct Crown of Norway losses of 322,755 km² (though most of these areas are uninhabited from Greenland). Very small royal activity has been moved to Norway; the country thus has no monumental palace period that can be seen in Copenhagen and other parts of Denmark.
Union with Sweden
The Kiel agreement stipulates that Norway will be handed over by the Danish-Norwegian king to the king of Sweden. However this is rejected in Norway, where the call for self-determination has increased. A Norwegian constituent assembly was called, and a liberal constitution was adopted on May 17, 1814. A short war took place, ending with a new agreement between the Norwegian parliament and the king of Sweden.
The Moss Convention comes from the Norwegian point of view, a significant increase over the provisions dictated to Denmark-Norway on the Kiel agreement. In particular, Norway is no longer treated as a Swedish conquest but rather as an equal party in the personal union of two independent states. Both the principles and substance of the Norwegian Constitution are preserved, with only amendments as necessary to enable unity with Sweden. Norway maintains its own parliament and separate institutions, except for the ordinary king and foreign service.
Norwegian Storting will propose Norwegian legislation without interference from Sweden, to be approved by the general King in his capacity as King of Norway. The king sometimes enacts laws that are unfavorable to Sweden. As Norway's movement toward full independence gained momentum, the King approved the construction of fortifications and naval vessels intended to defend Norway against the Swedish invasion.
The unity remains marked by the growing dissatisfaction of the Norwegians and with the unity of any kind. Storting will propose laws to reduce the power of the king or to assert Norwegian independence. This is most often vetoed by the king, but since he only has the power to veto the same law twice, it will eventually be passed. The Constitution of 1814 has established that Norway will have a separate flag, and this design was introduced in 1821. The second flag of the kingdom was marred by union signs in 1844 to show their equal status in the union. Despite objections from the kingdom, it was removed from the Norwegian flag in 1898. In 1837, local self-government in certain policy areas was introduced in rural areas as well as in cities. The Parliamentary system was introduced in 1884.
The Royal House of Bernadotte strives to become the home of the Norwegian kingdom as well as the Swedes. The Royal Palace in Oslo was built during this period. There is a separate coronation in Trondheim, as set out in the Constitution. The royal princes even have a hunting lodge built in Norway so they can spend more personal time there. King Oscar II speaks and writes Norwegian fluently.
Full independence
In 1905 a series of disputes between parliament and the King culminated with the problem of the Norwegian consul separated into foreign countries. Norway has grown into one of the world's leading shipping nations, but Sweden maintains control of the diplomatic corps and consulates. Although entrepreneurs need help abroad, the Swedes have little knowledge of Norwegian shipments, and the consulates are not even established in some important shipping cities. Demand for a separate Norwegian consul is seen as very important by Norwegian parliament and society. Storting proposed a law establishing a separate Norwegian consulate body. King Oscar II refused to ratify the law and later the Norwegian cabinet resigned. The king could not form another government which had the support of parliament, so on 7 June he was considered a failure to function as King of Norway.
In the Norwegian plebiscite on 13 August, there were 368,208 votes (99.95%) in favor of the dissolution of the Union, against 184 (0.05%) opposed, with 85% of the Norwegian male vote. No woman chose, because universal suffrage was not granted until 1913; But Norwegian feminists collected more than 200,000 signatures supporting dissolution.
During the summer, the Norwegian delegation has approached 33-year-old Prince Carl of Denmark, the second son of Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark. The Norwegian parliament has considered other candidates but ultimately chose Prince Carl, partly because he already has a son to continue the line of succession, but more significant because Carl is married to Maud of Wales, daughter of King Edward VII. By bringing the king with the British royal ties, it is expected that Norway can support England.
Prince Carl impressed delegates in many ways, at least because of the sensitivity to the liberal and democratic movements that had led to the independence of Norway. Although the Norwegian constitution stipulates that Storting may elect a new king if the throne is empty, Carl realizes that many Norwegians - including prominent politicians and high-ranking military officers - favor the form of republican government. Attempts to persuade the prince to accept the throne on the basis of parliament's choice failed; Carl insists that he will accept the crown only if the Norwegians declare their will to the monarchy by a referendum and if parliament then elect him as king.
On 12 and 13 November, in the second constitutional plebiscite in three months, Norwegian voters decided by almost 79% of the majority (259,563 to 69,264) to guard the monarchy rather than establish a republic. The parliament, with a large majority, then offered to Carl a clear mandate for the Norwegian throne on November 18. The Prince received the same night, choosing the name Haakon , the traditional name used by the king of Norway. The last king by that name is Haakon VI, who died in 1380.
Thus the new king became Haakon VII, the King of Norway. His two-year-old son, Alexander, the heir, was renamed Olav and became Crown Prince Olav. The new royal family arrives in the Christian capital (then Oslo) on November 25th. Haakon VII was sworn in as Norwegian king on November 27.
New monarchy
The early years of the new Norwegian monarchy were marked by a lack of funds. Norway's country is poor and funds are needed elsewhere than in the maintenance of a large court. In that case, it is a good fortune that has been arranged by Prince Carl as a condition to receive the throne that he will not be forced to have a great trial. However, the royal journey and the maintenance of the royal dwelling, after its early restoration in 1905, to some extent were ignored. One example of a negative financial situation is that Prince Carl has been promised Royal Yacht when he accepted the throne, but this was not fulfilled until 1947.
An important incident in the early years of the new monarchy was in 1928 when the King appointed the first Labor government. The Norwegian Labor Party at that time was quite radical and had even removed the monarchy as part of their program. It is customary for the King to rely on the previous Prime Minister's suggestion in deciding who will give the task of being a new Prime Minister. In this case the conservative Prime Minister previously opposed to giving power to the radicals and suggesting the appointment of others. But the King followed the established parliamentary practice and decided to appoint Christoper Hornsrud as the first Prime Minister of Labor. The Labor Party then abolished the elimination of the monarchy from their program.
During the German occupation of World War II, the King was an important symbol of national unity and resistance. His persistent opposition to German surrender demands is essential to the spirit of the struggle of the Norwegian population. The constitutional powers granted to the King in the Norwegian monarchy system make his position very important and allow the exiled government to continue its work with the highest legitimacy.
After the war, the Norwegian royal house managed to maintain a balance between government and its approach. King Olav V was considered king of the people and the spontaneous show of mourning from the population after his death in 1991 showed a high position among the Norwegian people. Even the republicans were among the masses who lit candles in front of the Palace.
In recent years the marriage of Prince Harald in 1968 and Crown Prince of Haakon in 2001 sparked controversy, but the enduring effect on the monarch's popularity was minimal. Despite declining from levels above 90 percent after the war, support for the monarchy appears to remain stable and largely above the mark of 70 percent. In a poll in 2012, 93% of the people agreed that Monarch is currently doing a good job for the country.
Maps Monarchy of Norway
The constitutional and official role
Although the constitution of 1814 provided an important executive authority to the King, this was almost always carried out by the State Council on behalf of the King.
Contemporary Norwegian constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word "king" in most articles of the King-in-person meaning; other than those dealing with monarchy in particular, as opposed to those dealing with government apparatus and state affairs in general; to the Prime Minister's cabinet (also known as the King's in-council when chaired by the King), who is responsible to the Storting, and thus ultimately to the electorate.
Immunity
Article 5 states: The King is holy; he can not be denounced or accused. The responsibility lies with the Council.
This article applies to the king personally. The king has a sovereign immunity.
Article 37 states: The Prince and the Royal Daughter shall not be personally liable to anyone other than the King, or anyone else whom he or she decides to sit in court over them.
This means that the Prince and Princess also have immunity to the king's wisdom. He may decide to let them be tried by ordinary courts or he may decide to judge them on his own. It has never been tested in practice.
Country Council
The State Council consists of the Prime Minister and his council, all officially appointed by the King. The Council of State is the Government of Norway and is chaired by the King. Parliamentarianism has existed since 1884 and requires that the cabinet should not have a parliament against it, and that the appointment by the King is a formality. In practice, the king will ask the leader of the parliamentary bloc who has a majority in Storting to form a government. The king depends on the advice of the previous prime minister and President Storting in this question. The last time the king appointed a new prime minister against the advice of the former in 1928 when he appointed the first Labor government.
Article 12 states: The King himself chooses the Council of the Norwegian citizens entitled to vote. [...] The king divides business among the Members of the State Council, as he considers it appropriate.
Article 30 states: [...] Every person who has a seat in the Council of State has an obligation to express his opinion, which the King should listen to. But it depends on the King to make decisions according to his own judgment. [...]
Legal veto
The king must sign all laws to make them valid. He can veto any law. However, if three separate Storting approves the law, it becomes lawful even without the King's consent. The Crown has not vetoed any law since the union dissolution with Sweden. The last law enacted without the King's consent was the law on pure national flags in 1898.
Article 78 states: If the King approves the bill, he adds his signature, which is legal.
If he does not agree, he returns it to Odelsting with the statement that he does not for now feel the need to enforce it. In this case, the bill should no longer be submitted to the King by Storting and then assembled. [...]
Norwegian Church
The Norwegian Church, also known as the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church, is a former church of the Norwegian state, where 86% of the population of Norway is a member. The Norwegian Church recognizes the Lutheran Christian branch, and is a member of Porvoo Communion.
The king is the supreme governor and patron of the Norwegian Church. He formally decides who is the bishop and oversees that the church runs its business according to the "prescribed norm" for them. In practice this authority has been delegated to the Ministry of Church Affairs.
Forgiving criminals
Article 20 states: The King will have the right in the State Council to forgive the criminals after the sentence is passed.
Forgiveness is the forgiveness of a crime and the punishment associated with it. This can be given if new information about crime or crime has been revealed after the sentence has begun. Forgiveness may include a complete or partial withdrawal of punishment. The practical implementation of this right has been delegated to the Ministry of Justice which may invalidate a request for forgiveness. The formal consent of forgiveness shall be made by the King of the Council. In 2004 a total of 51 appeals for pardon were approved and 274 were rejected.
Appoint senior officials
Article 21 states: The King shall elect and appoint, upon consultation with the Council of State, all senior civil, ecclesiastical and military officials. This appointment was officially made by the king, but in practice until the government was elected.
Rejecting the government
Article 22 states: The Prime Minister and other members of the other Senate, together with the Secretary of State, may be dismissed by the King without a previous court decision, after he heard the opinion of the Senate on the subject.
Knight Commands
Article 23 states: The King may give orders to whomever he wishes, as a reward for special services [...]
Norway has two command knights: The Norwegian Order of the Kingdom of St. Olav and Norwegian Merit Order. In addition, the King gave several other honorable medals for various achievements.
War
Article 25 states: The King is the Supreme Commander of the Army and the Sea of ​​the Kingdom. The King was also the Commander of the Norwegian Air Force: but was not explicitly mentioned because there was no Air Force in 1814.
Article 26 states: The king has the right to summon troops, to engage in hostilities in the defense of Realm and to make peace, to conclude and cancel the convention, to send and receive diplomatic envoys.
Kings are treated by the armed forces as their supreme commander, but exist, beyond the fiction of the law, no doubt that full control of the armed forces is actually held by the elected government that day. Norwegian kings have traditionally received extensive military training and to some extent pursue careers within the armed forces before ascending the throne. During World War II, the King took a more active role in decision making and while the government still had the last word, the King's advice was given a lot of weight. On one occasion during the invasion, the King was given an ultimatum by Germany demanding the surrender of Norway. King Haakon VII told the government that he would abdicate if they decided to accept it. In 1944 Crown Prince Olav was appointed Chief of Defense based on his military leadership abilities.
Coronation
From before recorded the history of Norwegian kings will be installed by acclamation, a ceremony held in ting where the king vowed to enforce the law of the country and the head of the tribe gathered swear allegiance to him. The first coronations in Norway and throughout Scandinavia occurred in Bergen in 1163 or 1164. For a long time both ceremonies were used in Norway. In this way the king was invested with the good power of the nobles and from the church. The coronation also symbolizes that the king will hold the kingdom on the fief to St. Olav the eternal king of Norway. The last acclamation took place at Akershus Castle in 1648. The last medieval coronation in Norway occurred July 29, 1514. During the absolute monarchic period (1660-1814), Norwegian kings were crowned in Copenhagen, using the Throne. Today the king is still undergoing a ceremony similar to acclamation when he took the oath of allegiance to the Constitution in Storting. The Norwegian Constitution of 1814 stipulates that any Norwegian coronation since then will take place at Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. This reestablished the relationship with the sacred king's burial church. This constitutional article on the coronation was annulled in 1908. When King Olav V ascended the throne in 1957 he still wanted to receive the blessings of the church for his reign and the King's Prayer was introduced. Blessing is a much simpler ceremony, but it still takes place in Nidaros Cathedral and with the Regalia Kingdom on the high altar. King Harald V and Queen Sonja also received blessings in 1991.
Succession
The sequence of succession to the Norwegian throne has followed absolute primogeniture since 1990, as described in chapter 6 of the Norwegian Constitution. Only those who are descended from the ruling kings and the ruling kings and their descendants are entitled to succeed in the throne.
Finance
Kings, Queen, Crown Prince and Crown Princess are exempt from paying taxes and their personal finances are not disclosed to the public. Other members of the royal family have lost that privilege when married. It is believed that only the King has personal wealth with a striking measure.
A royal farm produces some income, but it is always reinvested in the farm itself.
In the Norwegian state budget of 2010, the number of 142.5 million Norwegian kroner is allocated to the Royal Household. 16.5 million was also given to the king as an appanage. 20.9 million is also allocated to rehabilitate the royal property. In 2010, the Royal Family of Norway claimed that the wealth of King Harald V approached 100 million Norwegian kroner. 500 million Norwegian kroners in the late 1990s were allocated for the extensive renovation of the ongoing and ongoing royal dwellings. The restoration of the Royal Palace in Oslo far exceeded the budget because the structural state of the palace was much worse than expected. However, huge costs were criticized in the media.
Residences
The royal family and kings have several residences they have all over the country. All official residence is partially open to the public.
Current residence
Royal PalaceThe Royal Palace in Oslo serves as the principal official residence of the king. Built in the first half of the 19th century as a Norwegian residence of the Norwegian and Swedish Kings Charles III (Carl Johan, Charles XIV of Sweden, reigned 1818-1844), he serves as the official residence of the present kingdom of Norway.
Gamlehaugen
Gamlehaugen is a home and a plantation that serves as a royal residence in Bergen. Originally home to Prime Minister Christian Michelsen, the plantation became the home of the royal family in 1927.
StiftsgÃÆ'  ¥ rden
StiftsgÃÆ' ¥ rden in Trondheim is a large wooden townhouse that has been used by royal families since the early eighteenth-hundreds. The building has become the main celebration site during the coronation, prayers and weddings that have traditionally been held at Nidaros Cathedral.
Ledaal
Ledaal is a great mansion in Stavanger. The Manor originally belonged to the influential Kielland family but belonged to the Stavanger Museum since 1936 and became the royal residence in 1949.
Other places
BygdÃÆ'¸y Royal Estate, the official summer residence, is located in Oslo. BygdÃÆ'¸y has been under extensive restoration and is therefore not used regularly since King Harald V accession in 1991. This restoration was completed in 2007 and has been used by royal families ever since. The Royal Lodge or Kongsseteren is located in Holmenkollen, and is used by the Royal Family as a residence for the Christmas and Holmenkollen Skiing Festival each year. The Oscarshall Palace, a maison de plaisance, is also located in Oslo, but is rarely used.
The crown prince's crown is at Skaugum Manor in Asker city outside Oslo, while three Norwegian daughters live on plantations in Oslo, Fredrikstad and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both Skaugum and BygdÃÆ'¸y Royal Estate are farms producing grains, milk and meat; profits reinvested in the farm itself. In 2004, the King moved the management of agricultural activities in BygdÃÆ'¸y to the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History.
The king has a royal cruise ship under the name HNoMY Norge. Supervised and maintained by the Royal Norwegian Navy, used for both official and personal travel in Norway and abroad. The Norwegian Railway maintains a set of royal carriage carriages.
The royal family also has several other holiday homes that are private.
Former and historic dwellings
- PalÃÆ' Â © et. A magnificent townhouse that was the residence of the kingdom between 1801 and 1849 before the construction of the Royal Palace.
- Akershus Fortress. The castle in Oslo was transformed into a palace by King Christian IV during the union between Denmark and Norway
- Bergenhus Castle. Initially, the medieval castle was a temporary residence palace giving Sverresborg a defense for the city.
- Fort TÃÆ'¸nsberg. The castle at TÃÆ'¸nsberg was used as a residence by several kings, including HÃÆ'  ¥ kon V Magnusson who was the last king of Norway before the establishment of the Kalmar Union.
- The various plantations of KongsgÃÆ'  ¥ rd were used by Norwegian kings during the Viking and early Middle Ages. These include significant plantations such as Alrekstad, Avaldsnes KongsgÃÆ'  ¥ rd estate and Oslo KongsgÃÆ'  ¥ rd estate.
The Emblem of the Kingdom
The Norwegian emblem is one of the oldest in Europe and serves both as a state symbol and Royal House. This is in accordance with its origins as a symbol of Norwegian kings during the Middle Ages.
HÃÆ'  ¥ kon Old (1217-1263) uses a shield with a lion. The earliest preserved reference to the color of the weapon is the King Saga written in 1220.
In 1280 King Eirik Magnusson added the crown and silver ax to the lion. The ax is the ax martyr St. Olav, the weapon used to kill him in the battle of Stiklestad in 1030.
Specific rendering of Norwegian weapons has changed over the years, following the fashion style changes. In the late Middle Ages, the ax handle gradually grew longer and resembled a spear. The handle is usually curved to fit the preferred shape of the shield at the moment, and also to match the shape of the coin. The spear was officially banished and the shorter ax was reintroduced by the royal decree in 1844, when the official rendering was instituted for the first time. In 1905 the official design for royal weapons and government once again changed, this time back to a medieval pattern, with triangular shields and more erect lions.
The royal coat of arms and the Royal Standard used lion designs from 1905. The earliest preserved depictions of the Royal Standard are on the seal of the Ingenbuch IngebjÃÆ'¸rg of 1318. Rendering is used as Norway's official emblem slightly different and last approved by the king of 20 May 1992.
When used as a symbol of the Kingdom, the shield features the emblem of the Royal Norwegian Order of the St Olav Order around it and framed by a royal ermine robe, overcome by a Norwegian crown.
The Emblem of the Kingdom is not often used. In contrast, the monogram of the king is widely used, for example in military and coin symbols.
Today
The Royal Family of Norway is a branch of the noble family of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlÃÆ'¼cksburg, originally from Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. Since 1991, the king has been Harald V, the 66th since unification, but the first king in hundreds of years to actually be born in Norway. After the introduction of the parliamentary system of government in 1884, the tasks of the monarchy had become very representative and non-partisan. Male or female:
- Is the Head of State
- Unlock Storting
- Formally dissolve and install government
- Leads a meeting at the State Council (ie Cabinet)
- Until the constitutional amendment in 2012, serves as the formal head or High Patron of the Norwegian Church
- Is the Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Defense Force
- Receive credentials from dubes-in-waiting
- Represents Norway during country visits abroad and in Norway
- Works as a source of honor
- Organize an audience with prominent Norwegian leaders in politics, industry, commerce, and culture.
However, the king does defend some of the prerogatives of the kingdom. He may issue amnesty for detainees (Article 20) and engage in war (Article 26), although it is unlikely that any of these two prerogatives will come into use today. However, during the German occupation, Haakon VII said he would abdicate rather than appoint a government collaborator led by Vidkun Quisling.
The king acts as a symbol of unity, and the majority of Norwegians still support the defense of the monarchy. There is also broad political consensus on this issue.
External links
- Videos from NRK about the history of the current monarchy
See also
- Royal Norwegian Family
- Royal coronations in Norway
- GlÃÆ'¼cksburg House
- Norwegian politics
- LÃÆ'¨se majestÃÆ' Â © in Norway
- Abel Prize
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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