The table billiard or billiard is a restricted table where a billiard-type game (sports cues) is played. In the modern age, all pool tables (whether for billiards of carrom, pool or snooker) provide a flat surface usually made of excavated slate, covered with a cloth (usually of tightly bonded woolen wool called baize), and surrounded by vulcanized rubber cushions, with all elevated above the floor. More specific terms are used for certain sports, such as the snooker table and billiard tables , and different sized billiards are used in this type of table. The outdated term is billiard board , used in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Video Billiard table
Components and supplies
Pillow
Pillows (sometimes called "rail pads", "rubber pads", or rarely "bumpers") are located on the inside of a wooden table rail . There are several different materials and design philosophies associated with rubber pads. Pillows are made of elastic materials such as rubber vulkanisat (rubber or synthetic). The jargon especially the American rails is more appropriate for the wooded outer part of the table where the cushions are affixed.
The purpose of the rubber pads is to cause the billiard ball to bounce back the rubber while minimizing the loss of kinetic energy.
When correctly fitted the distance from the cushion's nose to the closed slate surface is / 16 inch (37 mm ) when using the 2 1 / 4 -inch (57 mm) ball setting.
The profile of the rail pads, which is the corner of the cushion in relation to the table bed, varies between the types of tables. The standard on the American pool table is the K-66 profile, which as defined by the American Billiard Congress (BCA) has a 1 3 / 16 sub/> inch (30 mm) and 1 inch (25 mm) nose height.
In the carrom table, the K-55 profile is used (with a sharper angle than the pool cushion). K-55 pillow has a cloth, usually canvas, vulcanized to the top of the rubber to adjust the accuracy and speed of the rebound.
Finally, snooker tables can use L-shaped profiles, such as L77 profiles. This is mostly due to snooker using smaller diameter balls and smaller pocket entrances than swimming pools.
Bed
The bed - the fabric-covered, horizontal-covered surfaces are, on high-quality equipment, made of slate and smooth slate, most often from Italy, Brazil or China. Small pool tables may only use one or two sheets of slate, while carom, billiards of English, and pool tables the size of a tournament using three. A full-size snooker table requires five. The gap between the blackboard is filled with dry hard putty, epoxy or resin, then sanded to produce a smooth surface, before closing with a cloth. When some pieces of slate join badly it is possible for the resin to damage and cause uneven playing surfaces; it can also be difficult to move after joining.
The tables for the home market usually use slate beds as well, but the slate is often thinner, down to about 2 / 2 inch (13 mm) . The first table bed is made of wooden board covered with cloth. Currently, cheap but less rigid or durable materials used for low-level desks (eg for children's recreation areas) still include wood, especially fiber boards and medium density plywood, as well as plastics and other synthetic materials under various trade names.
Fabrics
Billiard fabrics (sometimes called false) is a special kind of fabric that covers the top of the "play area" on the table. Both the rail and slate beds are covered with 21-24-ounce billiard fabrics (though some of the cheaper 19-ounce fabrics are available) are most often green (representing grass from the original grass game that evolved from), and consist of woven or wool a mixture of wool-nylon called baize.
Most of the bar tables, which get a lot of games, use slower, thicker because it feels cheaper. Wool fabrics are more expensive but last longer. This type of fabric is called wool cloth. In contrast, high quality swimwear are usually made of woven without sleep like woolen wool, which gives faster rolls to the ball. The "speed" of this cloth affects the number of deviate and deflection ball, among other aspects of game proficiency. Snooker fabrics have traditionally had a directional nap, in which the ball behaves differently when rolling against vs walking in the direction of a nap.
Alerts
Scenes , also known as diamond (for their traditional form), decorated in the right position and evenly along the rails of multiple tables (not usually on the snooker table) to help steer the bank or kick a shot. There are seven along each long rail (with a disturbing side pocket on which the seventh will go, on pocket pool tables) and three along each short rail, with each of the four counters as the other in the mathematical system that the diamond is used for calculate. This scene divides the play surface into the same box. Books, even entire series of books, have been written on geometric and algebraic systems aimed at using diamonds.
Spots are often used to mark head and foot point on fabric. Other tagging can be a line drawn along head string (or traverse balk line with Bed
The slate bed from the carambol pool table should have a minimum thickness of 45 millimeters and is often heated to about 5 degrees Celsius (above room temperature), which helps keep the cloth moist to help the ball roll and rebound consistently, and generally makes the table play more fast. A heated table is required under international carom rules and is a very important requirement for a game of three pillows and artillery billiards.
The heating table bed is an old practice. Queen Victoria has a pool table that is heated using a zinc tube, though the purpose at that time is mainly to keep the ivory ball used later from warping. The first use of electric heating was for the 18.2 balkline tournament held in December 1927 between Welker Cochran and Jacob Schaefer, Jr. The New York Times announced it with fanfare: "For the first time in the history of the world championship balkline championship, a heated table will be used..."
Tabel biliar
Pool tables, or pocket pool tables, have six pockets - each one corner of the table ( angle bag ) and one in the middle of each - side longer ( side pocket or center pocket ).
Dimensions
Pool tables have different sizes, usually called 9-foot tables (2.7 m), 8.5 m (2.6 m), 8 m (2.4 m), or 7 m (2.1 m). In all cases, the table is rectangular with a ratio of 2: 1 (eg 9 ÃÆ'â € "4,5 ft ).
There are only two approved measures for a tournament hosted by a sporting body recognized by the International Olympic Committee, the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), and its regional and national affiliations; under the world standard swimming pool rules, this is a model of 9 ÃÆ'â € "4,5 ft and 8 ÃÆ'â €" 4 ft . For the 9-ft table, the play surface (dimensions between the cushion noses) is 100 inches (254Ã,®) by 50 inches (127Ã, cm) with Ã, 1 / 8 -inch (3.2 mm) error margin for one of the dimensions. For the 8-ft table , the playing surface is 92 inches (234 cm) by 46 inches (117 cm), with the same 1 / 8 inch variance allowed.
In the UK as well as a number of other Commonwealth and European countries, a typical pool table is 7 ÃÆ'â € "3.5Ã, ft (2.13 ÃÆ'â €" 0.91 m), although a 6-foot (1.83 m) table for pubs and home markets are also common. This is the size used by international standard black balls and the World Eight Pool Federation, as well as an informal pub swimming pool. The size of 7 feet is also often used in North American amateur leagues, and coin-operated common equipment in bars and other places. The play surface for the 7-foot table is 76 inches (193 cm) by 38 inches (96.5 cm).
Pockets
Pockets, usually framed on the back with leather or plastic, may have a leather net, cloth bag, plastic cup, or elongated wire rack, to catch the ball, common in the billiards room and billiard room, or on a coin operated table found in the bar/pub can instead cause the ball-back trough inside the table, which passes the ball into the collection space on one side of the table (or, in the non-coin-op model, at the end of the table). The disadvantage of a bag with a bag or cup is that if too many balls go into the same bag, the pouch will fill the container and prevent the ball from entering the bag, requiring a portion to be moved out of the bag manually before shooting again..
Regardless of the size of the table, the WPA standard (sometimes informally called "American style") the table has a wide angle pouch that funnels mainly inward, generally 1.75-2.25 times wider at the opening as the diameter 2 balls -inch (57 mm) , wider on the (middle) side of the bag from the corner. The WEPF pool (sometimes informally called "English style" or "Commonwealth style") is played with 2 to 2 1 / 8 -in (51-54 mm) balls, and this type of table has a smaller narrow pocket (width is calculated as the ball diameter multiplied by 1.6, and is consistent across all six pockets), with the entrance is round and the side is almost parallel, like the one on the snooker table. One tactical consequence of this design difference is that the WPA-type pocket jaw is often used exactly like the horizontal version of the basketball goal board, to bounce the ball into a pocket; this technique does not work on the black ball table, and even shooting down the pillow into a more difficult corner pocket. Bed
For tournament competitions under world-standard WPA rules (and league games under deregulated rules), pocket pool table beds should be made of slate not less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) thick. The desk rim should be different from not more than 0.02 inches (0.51 mm) long and 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) across the width.
Snooker and English snippet tables
A table designed for British snooker and billiard games is usually called the snooker table today, even though the English cue is a pre-dates snooker.
Dimensions
The playground area of ​​snooker tournaments, standardized by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker) and the amateur International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) using WPBSA rules, measures 11 feet 8.5 inches by 5 foot 10 at (356 , 9 cm  ± 177.8 cm) with a tolerance of Ã,  ± 0.5 at (13 mm), although it is commonly referred to as 12Ã, ftÃ,  ± 6Ã, ft. Smaller tables, about 10Ã, ftÃ,  ± 5Ã, ft up to half the size, are sometimes also used in pubs, homes and smaller snooker spaces. The height of the floor to the top of the pillow is between 2Ã, ft 9.5Ã, and 2Ã, ftÃ,  ± 10,5Ã, (85.1 cm and 87.6 cm).
Pockets
The snooker table has six bags, one on each corner and one in the middle of each of the longest side pillows. The bag is about 86 mm (3.5 inches), though high-class tournaments may use slightly smaller pockets to add to the difficulty. Number of undercut (trimmed under prominent rubber pad nose on pocket opening, if any, has a strong effect on how easy a ball is received by pocket (" pocket speed "). In the snooker and English snippet tables, pocket entries are rounded, while the pool tables have sharpness. " knuckles ". This affects how accurately shooting to fit into the pocket, and how fast they can be when they are not dead, including the shooting that goes along and against the pads, making the snooker harder to play than the pool. According to the official WPBSA rule book, "pocket gaps should be in accordance with templates owned and approved by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) ". The WPBSA and IBSF rule book sections do not really specify the size and shape of these ownership templates that change over time, which requires that the template be dated. The organization does not recognize the game or tournament record (maximum pause, etc.) If it is not done in the table corresponding to the current template.
Pillow
Pillows (sometimes known as rails, although the term is applied correctly to the part of the wood where the cushions are installed) are usually made of vulcanized rubber.
Flag
The baulk area marked with baulk line drawn on cloth at table width at 29 inches (737 mm) from and parallel to face bottom mats . A semicircle with 11.5 inches (292 mm) radius centered on this line in blow forms
Table for other games
Other types of pool tables are used for certain games, such as the Russian pyramid that uses the '12 ft by 6 ft 'table (similar to a snooker table but with a much smaller bag), and an Asian four ball that uses 8 feet without pocket by Table 4 feet. Games such as bagatelle often have more than six holes, including straight through the bed in the center of the table, features that are still found in billiard bars and bumper pools.
New table and home
There is a new pool table, often for the pool, which comes in various forms including zig-zag, circular, and (especially for hexagonal bumper pool). A round table stands out in the 1972 film Silent Running. For the domestic market, many manufacturers have produced billiard tables (in the broad sense) that double as a dining table or as table tennis or other gambling tables, with removable hard tops. The pool table of the house is usually about 4 ÃÆ'â € "Ã, 8Ã, ft, medium between table 3 bars ÃÆ'â €" 6Ã, ft. Bar/pub and tournament tournament tournament 4.5 ÃÆ'â € "9 ft. A miniature table also exists, ranging from 1 ÃÆ'â € 1.6 ft to 2 ÃÆ' â € "4Ã, ft, with scaled cues, phenolic balls, and sometimes ball-return systems.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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