The building form most closely related to New York City is a skyscraper, which has shifted many commercial and residential areas from low to high. Surrounded mostly by water, the city has amassed one of the largest and most diverse collections of skyscrapers in the world.
New York has significant architectural buildings in a variety of styles that cover different historical and cultural periods. These include the Woolworth Building (1913), the Gothic early rising skyscrapers with large-scale gothic architectural details. The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and the limited tower became a percentage of lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the road below. Art Deco designs from Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with tapered peaks and steel towers, reflect the requirements of zoning. The Chrysler building is considered by many historians and architects to be one of the finest in New York, with its distinctive ornaments like V-shaped lighting inserts bounded by steel towers in the tower crown. An influential early example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), which is typical for its facade using a bronze-I-I beam to evoke the building's structure. The Condà ©  © Nast Building (2000) is an important example of green design in the American skyscrapers.
The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone flats, townhouses and tenements built during the period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has a less populous environment and free-standing residence features. In the outer district, a large family home is common in various architectural styles like Tudor Revival and Victoria. Divide the two family homes are also widely available outside the borough, especially in the Flushing area.
Bricks and bricks became the building material of the city of choice after the construction of wooden frame houses was limited following the Great Fire in 1835. Unlike Paris, which for centuries was built of its own limestone, New York always attracted the building of stone from a network of mines that very spacious and the stone building has various textures and colors. The hallmark of many city buildings is the presence of a water tower mounted on a wooden roof. In the 19th century, the city needed their installations on buildings higher than six levels to prevent the need for excessively high water pressure at lower altitudes, which could blow up city water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in remote areas, including Jackson Heights in Queens, which became more accessible with underground expansions.
Video Architecture of New York City
Building concentration
New York has two main concentrations of high-rise buildings: Midtown Manhattan and Lower Manhattan, each with its unique recognizable skyline. Midtown Manhattan, the largest business district district in the world, is home to such famous buildings as the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, Citigroup Center and Rockefeller Center. Lower Manhattan consists of the third largest business district districts in the United States (after Midtown and Chicago Loop). Lower Manhattan is characterized by the presence of the World Trade Center's Twin Towers since its completion in 1973 until its destruction in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
In the first decade of the 21st century, Lower Manhattan saw a reconstruction to include the new One World Trade Center. The Downtown skyline received new designs from architects such as Santiago Calatrava and Frank Gehry. Goldman Sachs built a 433-meter-high building across the street from the World Trade Center site.
New York City has a long history of tall buildings. It has been home to 10 buildings that have held the world's tallest occupied title at some point in history, though half have been destroyed. The first building to bring the world's tallest title to New York was the New York World Building, in 1890. Later, New York City was home to the world's tallest building for 75 years, starting with the Park Row Building in 1899 and ending with 1 World Trade Center after the completion of the Sears Tower in 1974. One of the earliest skyscrapers in the world, still standing in the city, is the Park Row Building, built in 1899.
The tall buildings in Brooklyn make up a third, much smaller horizon. Tall buildings in downtown Brooklyn center around the main subway hub of NYC. Downtown Brooklyn is also experiencing a massive building explosion, with new luxury housing towers, commercial spaces and a new arena in the planning stages. The building explosion in Brooklyn has had many oppositions from local civil and environmental groups who argue that Brooklyn needs to maintain its human scale. Borough Queens has also developed its own horizons in recent years with the Citigroup office building (currently the tallest building in NYC outside of Manhattan), and the Queens West development of several residential towers along the edge of the East River.
The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and the limited tower became a percentage of lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the road below.
Maps Architecture of New York City
Famous buildings
The Empire State Building, a 102-story contemporary Art Deco building, was designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon and completed in 1931. It is the world's tallest building in 42 years. The tower takes its name from the nickname of New York State and is currently the third tallest building in the city, the first being the One World Trade Center, and both belong to 432 Park Avenue. It is the first building to surpass 100 marks of the story, and has one of the most visited observation decks in the world, which has been visited by more than 110 million since its completion. The building was built in a record 14 months.
Completed in 1930, the Chrysler Building is a typical New York symbol, standing 1,048 feet (319 m) high on the eastern side of Manhattan. Originally built for Chrysler Corporation, the building is currently owned by TMW Real Estate (75%) and Tishman Speyer Properties (25%). The Chrysler Building is the first structure in the world that goes beyond the 1,000 feet threshold.
The Comcast Building is a sleek Art Deco skyscraper and the center point of the Rockefeller Center. At 850Ã, ft (259 m) with 70 floors, it is the seventh largest building in New York and the 30th highest in the United States. Built in 1933 and originally called the RCA Building, it is one of New York's most famous and famous skyscrapers. The decorations above the main entrance are executed by Lee Lawrie and depict Wisdom, along with the phrase from the holy book that reads "Wisdom and Knowledge is the stability of your times" , originally found in the Book of Isaiah. , 33: 6.
International Style is an innovative exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art that completely changed the face of architecture in New York and the world. Mies Van Der Rohe, the focus of the event, then build the Seagram Building on Park Ave on 53rd Street. One of the most important buildings for modern architecture, the Seagram Building changed its central site, the construction of tall buildings, and architectural history. Other architects replicate details of Seagram in New York and around the world for decades after it was completed in the late 1950s. Bronze extrusion attached to the mullion is an example of this trend in high-rise buildings and can be seen in many cities.
The MetLife Building, formerly the Pan Am House, was the largest commercial office building in the world when it opened on March 7, 1963. It is an important part of the Manhattan skyline and one of the fifty tallest buildings in the US.
The World Trade Center's twin towers are the city's tallest building since 1973 until their destruction in the September 11 attacks. Each tower rises 1,368 feet (417 m) and 1,362 feet (415 m), both are 110 floors. The 360-foot antenna of North Tower holds most of the city's communications, while the South Tower is home to the popular observation deck. They are the tallest building in the world until Chicago's 1,454-foot Sears Tower was completed in 1974.
Citigroup Center is a 59-story office tower located on 53rd Street and Lexington Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. It is considered one of the most important postwar skyscrapers to be established in New York City. The striking design of a steep roof, a sleek aluminum-coated façade, and essentially on a four stage above a church also on the site make the skyscraper an instant architectural icon. The sloping roof houses mechanical systems and building ventilation. Designers settle in aluminum-coated façade to reduce heavy loads on foundations of buildings and supporting structures, as all weight will be supported by the stage. However, this does not come without a price; When the building was founded in 1977, it was found that a lightweight façade made the building vulnerable to wobble under strong wind conditions. Concerned that the building might end up with a very strong wind, the building engineers installed a "Customized Silencer" on the roof acting as a swaying building counterpart.
Time Warner Center is a mixed skyscraper at Columbus Circle on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. It has attracted much attention as the first major building to be completed since the September 11 terrorist attacks and has been known by many New Yorkers as "new twin towers." Additional publicity was generated in 2003 when David Martinez paid $ 45 million for a penthouse condo, New York housing sales record.
The Condà ©  © Nast Building, officially Four Times Square, is a modern skyscraper in Times Square in Midtown Manhattan and one of the most important examples of green design in skyscrapers in the United States. An environmentally friendly gas absorption absorber, along with insulating curtain walls and high-performance shading, ensures that buildings do not need to be heated or cooled for most of the year. Office furniture is made with biodegradable and non-toxic materials. The air delivery system provides 50% more fresh air than is required by the New York City Building Code, and a number of recycling channels serve the entire building. Being the first project of its size to perform this feature in its construction, the building has received awards from the American Institute of Architects, as well as AIA New York State.
Hearst Tower, located in Midtown Manhattan at 300 West 57th Street, is another example of a new generation of green design skyscrapers in New York City. Hearst Tower is a glass and steel skyscraper resting on the grounds of the original 1920s Hearst Corporation Building. The Hearst Tower is easily recognizable by a dramatic triangle glass triangle panel designed by British architect Lord Norman Foster. Hearst Tower is also the first skyscraper in New York City to be awarded the LEED Certified Gold coveted by the United States Green Building Council.
Tallest building
15 highest standard structures, including those with the highest 10 antennas or radio tower (peak)
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- All addresses are in Midtown Manhattan except the brighter ones, which are in Lower Manhattan.
Residential architecture
As New York City grew, it spread out from where it originally began at the southern tip of Manhattan Island to the surrounding area. To accommodate the growing population, farmland and open space in Upper Manhattan, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island developed into an environment of brown brick, apartment buildings, family homes and single families. This new construction density generally depends on the proximity of the area and accessibility to Manhattan.
The development of these areas is often triggered by the opening of bridges and borough connections through public transport. For example, the Brooklyn Bridge was completed in 1883 and connects Brooklyn and Manhattan across the East River. Brooklyn Heights, nabe on the shore of Brooklyn, is often credited as the first suburb of the United States. The bridge allows an easier ride between Brooklyn and Manhattan and spurs rapid development, development and rebuilding. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, completed in 1964, opened many areas of Staten Island for residential and commercial development, particularly in the central and southern parts of the borough, which were previously largely undeveloped. The population of Staten Island doubled from about 221,000 in 1960 to about 443,000 in 2000.
In 1870, rocks and bricks had become solid as a construction material of choice, because the construction of wooden frame houses had been severely restricted after the Great Fire of 1835. Unlike Paris, which for centuries was built from its own place. limestone limestone, New York always pulls its building stone from a network of mines, sometimes quite far away, evident in the variety of textures and colors of rock seen in city buildings. In the days before the train, rocks floated on the Hudson River or along the Atlantic Coast from the pits in New England. While the train carried marble from Vermont and granite from Minnesota, it was a very popular Connecticut brick in a row house building in New York at the end of the 19th century that the term brownstone became synonymous with the home row .
Beginning in the 1950s, public housing projects dramatically changed the appearance of the city. New, large-scale (often high) housing complexes replaced older communities, sometimes removing artefacts and landmarks that are now considered historical value. During this period, many of these new projects were built in an urban renewal effort championed by renowned city planner Robert Moses. The resulting housing projects have suffered from inconsistent funding, poor maintenance, and high crime, prompting many to regard these projects as a failure.
The hallmark of residential (and many commercial) buildings in New York City is the presence of a water tower mounted on a wooden roof, which is required on all buildings higher than six levels according to city regulations in the 19th century because the city's water pipes can not withstand the pressure extraordinary height required to send water to the upper floors of high-rise buildings.
Bridges and tunnels
New York City is located in one of the largest natural harbors in the world. Borough Manhattan and Staten Island are their own islands, while Queens and Brooklyn are located on the greater western end of Long Island. This accelerates the need for extensive bridge and tunnel infrastructure. Almost all of the city's major bridges and some of its tunnels, have been damaged or have records. For example, the Dutch Tunnel was the first vehicle tunnel in the world when it opened in 1927.
The Queensboro Bridge is an important part of cantilever architecture. The Brooklyn Bridge Tower is built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement. Its architectural style is neo-Gothic, with its distinctive arch above the road through a stone tower. The bridge is also the longest suspension bridge in the world since its opening up to 1903, and the first steel wire suspension bridge. The Manhattan Bridge, the Throgs Neck Bridge, the Triborough Bridge, and the Verrazano Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism.
Road network
Formulated in 1811 Plans Commissioner, New York adopted a visionary proposal to develop Manhattan north of 14th Street with a regular road network. The underlying economic logic of the plan, which calls for twelve street numbers to the north and south, and 155 orthogonal street intersections, is that the regularity of networks will provide an efficient means for developing new real estate properties. Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park, was not approved.
New Yorkers usually provide addresses by street and street numbers, as in "34 & 5" for the Empire State Building.
One of the city's most famous streets, Broadway, is one of the world's longest urban streets. Other well known streets include Park Avenue and Fifth Avenue. 42nd Street is the capital of American theater. The Grand Concourse, modeled on the Champs-ÃÆ' â € ° lysÃÆ' Â © es in Paris, is the most famous street in the Bronx. The Beautiful City Movement inspires the same streets in Brooklyn, known as parkways.
See also
- List building
- List of National Historic Landmarks in New York
- New York City Designated Landmarks List
- List of tallest buildings in New York City
- List of cities with most skyscrapers
References
Further reading
- White, Norval & amp; Willensky, Elliot (2000), AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.), New York: Three Rivers Press, ISBN 978-0-8129-3107-5
- The Federal Author Project (1939). WPA Guide to New York City , The New Press (1995 re-published).
External links
- Brooklyn City Center - New York City Planning Department
- Lower Manhattan Development - Lower Manhattan Development Corp.
- The City Review - information about buildings and architecture by neighborhood
- New York Architecture Drawings and Notes Tom Fletcher...
- Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library. "New York City Building". Research Guide . New York: Columbia University.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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