The Queen Anne style in English refers to the British Baroque style of architecture roughly during the reign of Queen Anne (reigned 1702-1714), or a popular revived form in the last quarter of the 19th century and decade beginning of the 20th century (when it was also known as Queen Anne's Resurrection ). In English architecture the term is mostly used for domestic buildings up to the size of a noble house, and is usually elegantly designed but only by local builders or architects, rather than the magnificent palaces of the noble nobles. Contrary to the usage of the American term, it is characterized by strong bilateral symmetry with Italian or Palladian pedals that are lowered in the formal front elevation.
Architectural historian Marcus Binney, writing in The Times in 2006, describes the Poulton House built in 1706, during the reign of Queen Anne, as "... the most delightful Queen Anne". Binney lists what he describes as a hallmark of the style:
- sweeping steps towards the carved stone door
- the sash window row painted in the box is set with bricks
- quoins stone emphasizes the angle
- a triangular sword mounted on a roof with a roof.
- usually a "double stack" package like a box, two rooms in
When used to revive the "Queen Anne" style of the 19th and 20th centuries, historical references in the name should not be taken too literally, since the buildings in the Queen Anne style often have little resemblance to British buildings in the 18th century. any resurrection style to the original. Furthermore, Queen Anne's style in other parts of the English-speaking world, especially in the United States and Australia, is significantly different from that in the United Kingdom, and may hardly include the distinctive elements of the real architecture of the Anne administration.
Video Queen Anne style architecture
The Queen Anne's 19th-century English Style
George Devey (1820-1886) and Norman Shaw (1831-1912) are more popular popularizing the style of Queen Anne of British architecture in the industrial era in the 1870s. Norman Shaw published an architectural sketchbook as early as 1858, and intriguing pen-and-ink images began to appear in trade journals and artistic magazines in the 1870s. (American commercial builders are quick to adopt style.)
The eclectic design of Shaw often includes elements of the Tudor, and the style of "Old English" is also becoming popular in the United States, where it is known (inaccurately) as Queen Anne's style. The confusion between buildings built during the reign of Queen Anne and the style of "Queen Anne" still exists, especially in England.
In the late 1850s the name "Queen Anne" was in the air, after publication in 1852 William Makepeace Thackeray's novel, Henry Esmond's History, Esq., Colonel in the Service of the Queen of Anne . One of the minor side effects of Thackeray and Norman Shaw's novels, the beautiful Renaissance vernacular survives to this day. When, in the early 1870s, early Chinese-inspired Georgian furnishings on cabriole legs, featuring fine walnut beds, and chairs with flowing lines and slat springs began to be sought in antique stores (Macquoid 1904 ), the style was wrongly attributed to the reign of Queen Anne, and mistakenly "Queen Anne" has been attached to the present, in America as well as the English style of furniture. (Even the most stylish and up-to-date furniture from Queen Anne's historic government, as expressed by inventory, uses a style that connoisseurs of the 21st century will soon be identified as "William and Mary".)
The English Victorian version of the style empathizes closer to the Art and Craft movement than its American counterpart. A good example is Severalls Hospital in Colchester, Essex (1913-1997), now dead. The historic precedent of the broad Queen Anne style:
- fine bricks, often warmer, softer than those used by Victorians, vary with terracotta panels, or tiled-hunged floors, with painted crisp white or bluish limestone detailing
- an oriel window, often stacking one on top of another
- the corner tower
- beautiful asymmetric front and mass
- Flutter-faced flanged panels
- very dark entrance
- wide veranda
- overall, free tame Renaissance style
When an open architecture competition took place in 1892 for the county hall to be built at Wakefield, in West Riding of Yorkshire, instructions to competitors noted that "architectural styles will be left to competitors, but Queen Anne or the Renaissance School of Architecture seems appropriate for such old towns Wakefield ". The executed design, by architects James Gibson and Samuel Russell of London, incorporates a corner tower, magnificent vaulted and with a gargoyle in the corner, freely combined with the Renaissance Flemish stepping up.
In the 20th century, Edwin Lutyens and others used elegant versions of style, usually with red brick walls that contrasted with pale stone detail.
Maps Queen Anne style architecture
American Style Queen Anne
In the United States, the so-called "Queen Anne style" is loosely used for a variety of beautiful buildings with "non-Gothic Revival architecture" details and not on a special formulative style in its own right. "Queen Anne", as an alternative both to the second Imperial Empire derived from France as well as the less "domestic" Beaux-Arts architecture, was extensively applied to architecture, furniture and decorative art from the period 1880 to 1910; some of the architectural elements of "Queen Anne", like the front porch cover, continued to be found in the 1920s.
The armed and domestic-scale "Queen Anne" style arrived in New York City with new housing for New York House and School of Industry Sidney V. Stratton, architect, 1878). Characteristics of the American Queen Anne style (rooted in English style) may include asymmetrical façade; gable facing dominant front, often cantilever outside the wall area below; jutting into the roof; spherical, square, or polygonal tower (s); shaped and gable Dutch; a porch covering part or all of the front facade, including the main entrance area; terrace or second floor balcony; porch porch; Different wall textures, such as patterned wooden shingles, are shaped into various designs, including fish scales, terracotta tiles, relief panels, or wooden bricks, etc.; dentures; classic columns; spindle job; oriel and bay windows; horizontal band of leaded window; monumental chimney; painted balustrades; and wood or slate roofs. The front garden often has a wooden fence.
Queen Anne Australia's Style
In Australia, Queen Anne's style is absorbed into the style of the Federation, which, in general, is equivalent to Edwardian style, derived from the influence of Richard Norman Shaw, an influential British architect in the late Victorian era. The period of the Federation lasted from 1890 to 1915 and included twelve styles, one of which was the Federation of Queen Anne. It became the most popular style for homes built between 1890 and 1910. This style often uses Tudor-style wood and intricate sculptures that replace Victorian taste for wrought iron. Homepage is usually a feature, as well as images of Australian sunrise and wildlife; plus a circular window, tower and tower with a conical or pyramidal roof.
The first Queen Anne House in Australia is Caerleon on the outskirts of Bellevue Hill, New South Wales. Caerleon was originally designed by Sydney architect Harry Kent, but was subsequently substantially reworked in London by Maurice Adams. This has led to some controversy over who deserves praise. The house was built in 1885 and was a pioneer for the home of the Queen Anne Federation which became so popular.
Caerleon followed soon after by West Maling, on the outskirts of Penshurst, New South Wales, and Annesbury, on the outskirts of Ashfield, New South Wales, both built around 1888. These houses, though built around the same time, have different styles. , West Maling features a powerful Tudor influence that is not in Annesbury. Style soon became increasingly popular, appealing especially to a fairly capable person with "Establishment" leaning.
The style as developed in Australia is very eclectic, blending elements of Queen Anne with various Australian influences. Ancient British characteristics such as ribbed chimneys and sharp roofs are combined with Australian aspects such as enclosing the veranda, designed to keep the sun out. One remarkable example of this eclectic approach is Urrbrae House, in the suburb of Adelaide Urrbrae, South Australia, part of the Waite Institute. Another variation with the connection to the Queen Anne Federation style is Federation Bungalow, which features a long veranda. This style generally incorporates familiar Queen Anne elements, but usually in a simplified form.
Beberapa contoh menonjol adalah:
- West Maling , sudut Penshurst Avenue dan King Georges Road, Penshurst, Sydney
- Rumah , Jalan Appian, Burwood, Sydney
- Rumah , Haberfield, New South Wales
- Caerleon , 15 Jalan Ginahgulla, Bellevue Hill, Sydney (dijual seharga $ 22 juta pada Januari 2008)
- Annesbury , 78 Alt Street, Ashfield, Sydney
- Klub Pengelasan , Barrack Street, Perth
- ANZ Bank , Queens Parade, Fitzroy North, Melbourne
- Campion College , Studley Park Road, Kew, Melbourne
- Redcourt Estate , Armadale, Melbourne
- Tay Creggan , Hawthorn, Melbourne
Galeri
Lihat juga
- Kategori: Arsitektur Queen Anne
- Kategori: Arsitektur Queen Anne di Amerika Serikat
- Furnitur bergaya Queen Anne
- Revivalisme (arsitektur)
- Arsitektur Shingle Style
- Galeri Arsitektur Federasi Australia
Referensi
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Girouard, Mark, Manis dan Ringan: Gerakan Queen Anne, 1860-1900, Universitas Yale Press, 1984. Survei utama gerakan.
- Macquoid, Percy, Umur Walnut , 1904.
- Gaya Shingle dan Gaya Tongkat: Teori Arsitektur dan Desain dari Downing ke Asal-Usul Wright, edisi revisi, Yale University Press, 1971.
- Rifkind, Carole. Panduan Lapangan untuk Arsitektur Amerika. Penguin Books, New York, 1980.
- Whiffen, Marcus. Arsitektur Amerika Sejak 1780, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999.
Catatan
Tautan eksternal
- Fotografi Rumah Gaya Ratu Anne di Hamilton, Ontario
- Federasi Queen Anne Style
- Gaya Gothic Queen Anne
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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