Long Island currently owned by Ward Melville Lacrosse is a densely populated island off the eastern coast of the United States, beginning in New York Harbor just 0.35 miles (0.56 km) from Manhattan Island and extending to east to the Atlantic Ocean. The island consists of four districts in the state of New York: Kings and County Queens (consisting of New York City districts in Brooklyn and Queens, respectively) to the west, and Nassau and Suffolk to the east. The majority of New York City residents now live on Long Island. However, many people in the New York metropolitan area (including those in Brooklyn and Queens) daily use the term "Long Island" to refer exclusively to the Nassau and Suffolk areas, which are mainly suburbs.
Broadly speaking, "Long Island" can refer well to the main island and the surrounding barrier islands. The island's north is Long Island Sound, where Westchester County, New York, and Connecticut state are located. Opposite Block Island Sound to the northeast is the state of Rhode Island. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and Manhattan island on the East River. To the south-west, he is separated from Staten Island and New Jersey state by Upper New York Bay, Narrows, and Lower New York Bay. To the east, Block Island and other small islands.
Being the longest and largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends 118 miles (190 km) eastward from the Port of New York to Montauk Point, with a maximum north-to-south distance of 23 miles (37 km) between Long Island Sound and the Atlantic coast. With a land area of ​​1,401 square miles (3,630 km 2 ), Long Island is the 11th largest island in the United States and the 149th largest island in the world - larger than 1,214 square miles (3,140 km > 2 ) from the smallest US state, Rhode Island.
With an estimated population of Census 7,869,820 by 2017, constituting nearly 40% of the population of New York State, Long Island is the most populous island in the US state or territory, and the 18th most populous island in the world (before Ireland, Jamaica and Hokkaid?). Population density is 5,595.1 souls per square mile (2,160.3/km 2 ). If Long Island is geographically a region of independent metropolitan statistics, it will rank fourth most populous in the United States; whereas if the US state, Long Island would rank 13th in the population and first in population density. Long Island is culturally and ethnically diverse, featuring some of the richest and most expensive neighborhoods in the western hemisphere near the coastline as well as working class areas in all four districts.
As a commercial aviation hub, Long Island has two of the three busiest airports in New York City, JFK International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, in addition to Islip MacArthur Airport; as well as two major air traffic control air radar facilities, New York TRACON and New York ARTCC. Nine bridges and 13 tunnels (including railway tunnels) connect Brooklyn and Queens to three other areas of New York City. The ferry connects Suffolk County to the north across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut. The Long Island Rail Road is the busiest commuter railroad in North America and operates 24/7. Biotechnology and scientific research companies play an important role in the Long Island economy, including research facilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York University's Tandon School of Engineering. , University of New York City, and Hofstra Northwell Medical School.
Video Long Island
History
Initial history
Before European contact, the Lenape people (named Delaware by Europeans) inhabit the western end of Long Island, and speak the Munsee dialect of Lenape, one of the Algonquian language families. Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record a meeting with Lenapes, having entered what is now called New York Bay in 1524. The eastern part of the island is inhabited by the language speakers of the Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett language of Algonquian; they are part of the Pequot and Narragansett people who live in the area that now includes Connecticut and Rhode Island.
In 1609, British navigator Henry Hudson explored the harbor and was said to have landed on Coney Island. Adriaen Block followed in 1615 and is credited as the first European to determine that Manhattan and Long Island are islands.
The indigenous American deeds recorded by the Dutch from 1636 suggest that the Indians refer to Long Island as Sewanhaka Sewanhacky and Sewanhacking is another spelling in the Lenape transliteration ). Sewan is one of the terms for wampum (warning beaded warrior beads, temporarily used as currency by colonists in trade with Lenape), and also translated as "loose" or "scattered", which can refer to wampum or to Long Island. The name "Ã, 't Lange Eylandt aka Matouwacs" (later abbreviated to "Lange Eylandt" ) appeared on the Dutch map from the 1650s. Later, the Englishman called the land "Nassau Island", after Prince William of Nassau, Prince of Orange (who later ruled as King William III of England). It is not clear when the name "Nassau Island" was stopped.
The first settlement on Long Island was by settlers from England and its colonies in present-day New England. Lion Gardiner settled near Gardiners Island. The first settlement on Long Island geographical itself was on October 21, 1640, when Southold was founded by Reverend John Youngs and settlers from New Haven, Connecticut. Peter Hallock, one of the settlers, drew a long straw and was given the honor of getting off to the ground first. He is considered to be the first New World settler on Long Island. Southampton settled in the same year. Hempstead followed in 1644, East Hampton in 1648, Huntington in 1653, Brookhaven in 1655, and Smithtown in 1665.
While east of Long Island was first settled by England, the western part of Long Island was completed by the Dutch. Until 1664, the jurisdiction of Long Island was split, roughly on the present border between Nassau County and Suffolk County. The Netherlands founded six cities in Brooklyn today starting in 1645. These include: Brooklyn, Gravesend, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht, and Bushwick. The Dutch had granted the English settlement in Hempstead, New York (now in Nassau County) in 1644 but, after a border dispute, expelled British settlers from the Oyster Bay area. However, in 1664, Britain again took over the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, including Long Island.
The 1664 land patent granted to the Duke of York covers all islands on Long Island Sound. The Duke of York holds a grudge against Connecticut, because New Haven has hidden three judges who sentenced Duke's father, King Charles I, to dying in 1649. Settlers throughout Suffolk were pressured to remain part of Connecticut, but Governor Sir Edmund Andros threatened to eliminate the rights of the settlers over the land if they do not surrender, which they did in 1676.
All of Long Island (as well as the islands between it and Connecticut) became part of the New York Province within the Shire of York. The Suffolk region is now designated as East Riding (Yorkshire), now Brooklyn is part of West Riding, and now Queens and Nassau are part of it. from the larger North Riding . In 1683, Yorkshire was dissolved and three original districts on Long Island were established: Kings, Queens, and Suffolk.
18th and 19th centuries
At the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, the island was captured by Britain from General George Washington in the Battle of Long Island, a decisive battle after Washington narrowly evacuated its troops from Brooklyn Heights under a thick fog. After the British victory on Long Island, many Patriots fled, leaving most of the Loyalists behind. The island remained a British fortress until the end of the 1783 war.
General Washington is based on espionage activities on Long Island, because the western part of the island is close to the British military headquarters in New York City. The Culper Spy Ring includes agents that operate between Setauket and Manhattan. This ring reminds Washington of valuable British secrets, including the betrayal of Benedict Arnold and plans to use counterfeiting to induce economic sabotage.
Long Island colonists serve both the cause of Loyalists and Patriots, with many prominent families divided between the two sides. During the occupation the British forces used a number of civilian structures for defense and demanded to be placed in the homes of civilians. A number of structures from this era persist. Among these are Raynham Hall, Oyster Bay's home from the patriot spies of Robert Townsend, and the Caroline Church in Setauket, which contains bullet holes from a small battle known as the Battle of Setauket. Also there is the reconstruction of the Brooklyn Old Stone House, on the site of last 400 years of Maryland standing during the Battle of Long Island.
In the 19th century, Long Island was still largely rural and devoted to agriculture. Its predecessor Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) began operations in 1836 from South Ferry in Brooklyn, through the rest of Brooklyn, to Jamaica in Queens. The line was completed at the east end of Long Island in 1844 (as part of a transportation plan to Boston). Competing trains (soon absorbed by LIRR) are built along the south coast to accommodate travelers from more populous areas. For the centuries from 1830 to 1930, the population doubled every twenty years, with more solid construction in areas near Manhattan. Several cities were included, such as Brooklyn City in Kings County, and Long Island City in Queens.
Until the completion of the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883, the only means of travel between Long Island and the rest of the United States was by boat or boat. When other bridges and tunnels were built, the island area began to be developed as a suburb of the settlements, first around the railroad tracks offering trips to the city. On January 1, 1898, Kings County and Queens sections consolidated into New York City , removing all towns and cities within it. The easternmost 280 square miles (730 km 2 ) of Queens County, which was not part of the consolidation plan, was separated from Queens in 1899 to form Nassau County.
At the close of the nineteenth century, wealthy industrialists who made great fortune during the Gilded Age began to build large "baronial" estates in the Nassau County communities along the North Shore of Long Island, supporting many properties with water views. Distance to Manhattan attracts people like J. P. Morgan, William K. Vanderbilt, and Charles Pratt, whose plantations cause this area to be nicknamed the Gold Coast. This period and the area is immortalized in fiction, such as F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby , which has also been adapted in the film.
20th century
Charles Lindbergh was appointed from Roosevelt Field along with Spirit of Saint Louis for a 1927 historic solo flight to Europe, one of the events that helped establish Long Island as the initial center of aviation during the 20th century. Other notable pilots such as Wiley Post are famous flights from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, which became the first major airport serving New York City before being replaced by the opening of La Guardia Airport in 1939. Long Island is also the location of Mitchel Air Force Base and is a major center production of military aircraft by companies such as Grumman and Fairchild Aircraft during World War II and for decades thereafter. Long Island aircraft production extended to Space Age - Grumman is one of the main contractors that helps build early-month flights and space shuttle vehicles. Although the aircraft company finally ended their Long Island operations and the early airports were all closed down - Roosevelt Field, for example, became the location of major shopping centers - the Cradle of Aviation Museum at the site of former Mitchel Field documenting the island's key role in aviation history.
From the 1920s to the 1940s, Long Island began a transformation of forests and agriculture as developers created many suburbs. Many LIRR branches have activated trips from the suburbs to Manhattan. Robert Moses designed various car parking projects to reach the island, and developed beaches and state parks to enjoy residents and visitors from the city. Gradually, development also follows these streets, with communities emerging along the more traveled routes.
After World War II, suburban development increased with incentives under G.I. Bill, and the population of Long Island skyrocketed, mostly in Nassau County and western Suffolk County. Second and third generation children from immigrants moved east of Long Island to settle in the construction of new housing built during the post-war boom. Levittown became famous as a suburb, where the construction of housing is simplified to be produced on a large scale. This provides an opportunity for World War II military veterans to go home to buy a house and start a family.
21st century
At the beginning of the 21st century, a number of Long Island communities have successfully transformed their assets from industrial use to post-industrial roles. Brooklyn reversed decades of population decline and factory closure to reappear as a famous global cultural and intellectual hive. Gentrification has affected most of Brooklyn and parts of Queens, relocating most of the New York City population. In east Long Island, villages such as Port Jefferson, Patchogue, and Riverhead have been converted from inactive docks and factory towns into a tourist-oriented commercial center with cultural attractions.
The descendants of late 19th and early 20th century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, and black migrants from the South, have been followed by new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Long Island has many ethnic Irish, Jewish, and Italian, as well as an increasing number of Asians and Hispanics, reflecting the later migration.
Maps Long Island
Geography
The west end of Long Island contains the districts of New York City in Brooklyn (Kings County) and Queens (Queens County). The middle and east parts of the suburbs of Nassau and Suffolk. However, the day-to-day use of the term "Pulau Panjang" usually refers only to the Nassau and Suffolk regions. For example, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has a district called "Long Island (Nassau-Suffolk Metro Division)." At least until 1911, the location in Queens is still often referred to as being on Long Island. Some institutions in New York City use the island's name, such as Long Island University and Long Island Jewish Medical Center. In 1985, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the United States v. Maine that Long Island, while geographically an island, is not an island for legal purposes, given that New York State boundaries contain offshore and seabed.
Nassau County is denser than Suffolk County. While prospering as a whole, Nassau County has a clearer bag of wealth with estates that include larger areas within the Gold Coast on the North Shore and Five Towns area on the South Shore. The South Coast Community is built along the protected wetlands of the island and contains white sandy beaches on the Outer Barrier Islands overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. Dutch and British settlers from the days before the American Revolutionary War, as well as Native American communities, filled the island. The 19th century saw the infusion of the richest Americans in the so-called Gold Coast on the North Shore, where wealthy Americans and Europeans in the Gilded Age built rustic country houses.
In the easternmost part, Suffolk County remains semi-rural, as in Greenport in the North Fork and some suburbs known as The Hamptons, although summer tourism swelled inhabitants of the area. The North Fork peninsula of Suffolk County's East End has developed a thriving Wine Country region. In addition, the South Garpu peninsula is known for coastal communities, including the Hamptons, and for Montauk Point Lighthouse on the eastern end of the island. The Pine Barrens is a preserved pine forest covering much of eastern Suffolk County.
Geology
Detailed geomorphological studies on Long Island provide evidence of glacial history of kame and morain island terminals that are shaped by the progress and decline of two ice layers.
Long Island, as part of the Outer Lands region, formed largely of two glorial morain spines, with a large, sandy outer plain. This moraine consists of loose gravel and loose rocks during the last two waves of Wisconsin glacier during the Ice Age around 21,000 years ago (19,000 BC). North Moraine, which is directly adjacent to the North Shore of Long Island in the dots, is known as moraine Harbor Hill. The more southerly Moraine, known as Ronkonkoma moraine, forms the "backbone" of Long Island; it runs primarily through the center of Long Island, roughly coinciding with the length of the Long Island Expressway.
The land in the south of this morain to the South Shore is the outwash plain of the last glacier. One part of the outwash plain is known as the Hempstead plain, and it contains one of the few natural meadows east of the Appalachian Mountains.
The glaciers melt and recede northward, producing the difference between the North Shore coast and the South Shore coast. The North Shore Coast is rocky from the rest of the remaining glacial debris, while South Beach is clear, clean, and faster sand. Jayne Hill, at an altitude of 401 feet (122 m), in Suffolk County near its border with Nassau County, is the highest hill along the moraine; another notable peak is Bald Hill in Brookhaven Town, not far from its geographic center on Middle Island. The glaciers also form the Lake Ronkonkoma in Suffolk County and Lake Success in Nassau County, each lake a kettle inside.
Countyscapes
Climate
Under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification, Long Island is located in the transition zone between humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) and humid continental climate ( Dfa ). The climate has a long, hot summer, with occasional thunder, mild spring and autumn weather, and a cool winter with a mixture of snow and rain and storm conditions. The springs can be cool and sometimes bleak because of the relatively cooler temperatures of the Atlantic Ocean. The oceans also bring in the afternoon sea breezes that dampen the heat in the warmer months and limit the frequency and severity of storms. Long Island has a fairly sunny climate, averaging 2,400 to 2,800 hours of sunshine each year.
Due to its coastal location, Long Island's winter temperatures are significantly lighter than most states. The coldest month is January, when the average temperature ranges from 30 to 35 Â ° F (-1 to 2 Â ° C), and the warmest month is July, when the average temperature ranges from 70 to 80 Â ° F (21 to 27 ° C). Â ° C). Temperature rarely drops below 5 Â ° F (-15 Â ° C) or rises above 95 Â ° F (35 Â ° C). The temperature of Long Island varies from west to east, with the western part (Nassau County, Queens, and Brooklyn) generally warmer than the east (Suffolk County). This is due to several factors: the western part closer to the mainland and more densely developed, causing the effects of "urban hot islands", and Long Island landings veering northward as one moves east. Also, the high daytime temperatures in eastern Long Island are cooler on most occasions due to the moderation of the Atlantic Ocean and Long Island Sound. On dry nights with no clouds or winds, Pine Barrens forest in East Suffolk can be nearly 20 degrees Fahrenheit (11 degrees Celsius) colder than the rest of the island due to cooling radiation. The average dew point, the measure of atmospheric humidity, usually lies in the range 60-70 ° F (16-21 ° C) during July and August.
Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with about 3-4 inches (76-102 mm) on average for each month. Average annual mean snow ranges from about 20 to 35 inches (51 to 89 cm), with the north and western shores on average over the southern and eastern shores. However, in certain winters, some parts of the island can see snow over 75 inches (190 cm) or more. There are also some very quiet winters, where most of the island can see less than 10 inches (25 cm) of snow.
On August 13, 2014, flash floods occurred in Suffolk County in the mid-west after rainfall recorded rainfall for more than three months in the region within hours.
Long Island is somewhat vulnerable to tropical cyclones. While it is located in the north where most tropical cyclones turn east and out into the sea (most landings on the East Coast of the USA occur from southern South Carolina), some tropical cyclones have attacked Long Island, including the crushing Category 3, New England 1938 Hurricane ( also known as the "Long Island Express"), and the other 3rd category, Hurricane Carol in 1954. Another twentieth-century storm that landed on Long Island at the intensity of the storm including the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944, Hurricane Donna in 1960, Belle in 1976, and Hurricane Gloria in 1985. Also, the Hurricane Bob blindfold in 1991 swept the eastern end. In August 2011, a portion of Long Island was evacuated in preparation for Hurricane Irene, a Category 1 hurricane that weakened into a tropical storm before reaching Long Island.
On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused extensive damage to lowland coastal areas in Brooklyn, Queens, Nassau and Suffolk, destroying or destroying thousands of homes and other buildings with ocean waves and beach storms. Hundreds of thousands of residents were left without electricity for a period of up to several weeks while damages were being repaired. The sluggish "Superstorm Sandy" (dubbed so because the winds are weakening under the intensity of the storm when the landing) causes 90% of Long Island households to lose power and about $ 18 billion in damage to Nassau & Suffolk Counties itself. The storm also has a devastating effect on coastal communities in parts of Brooklyn and Queens on the island, including Coney Island in Brooklyn and the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens, although the estimated monetary damages there are usually calculated as part of overall losses suffered in New York City as a whole. The extent of Sandy's damage was second only to that caused by the Long Island Express of 1938, when adjusted for inflation. Despite the lower central pressure recorded at Sandy, the National Hurricane Center estimates that the 1938 storm has a lower pressure on land. Sandy's storm and its profound impact have prompted discussions about building sea walls and other coastal obstacles around the shoreline of Long Island and New York City to minimize the risk of damaging consequences from such other events in the future.
Additional islands
Some small islands, though geographically different, are near Long Island and are often grouped with it. These islands include the Fire Island, the largest outer barrier island that parallels the Long Island south coast about 31 miles (50 km); Plum Island, which is home to Plum Island Animal Disease Center, a biological weapons research facility; as well as Robins Island, Gardiners Island, Fishers Island, Long Beach Barrier Island, Jones Beach Island, Great Gull Island, Little Gull Island and Shelter Island.
Demographics
Long Island is one of the most populous areas in the United States. Like the 2010 US Census, the total population of all four Long Island districts is 7.568.304, which accounts for 39% of the population of the State of New York. By 2017, the proportion of New York City residents living on Long Island has increased to 58%, considering 5.007.353 residents living in Brooklyn or Queens. Furthermore, the proportion of the New York State population on Long Island has also increased, with the estimated Long Island Census population rising 4.0% from 2010, to 7,869,820 by 2017, representing 39.6% of the New York State Census population estimated at 19,849,399 and with a population density of 5,617.3 souls per square mile (2,168.9 km/sup> 2 ) on Long Island. The Long Island population is more than 37 out of 50 US states.
At the 2010 census, the combined population of Nassau and Suffolk County was 2,832,882; Suffolk County Section to 1,493,350 and Nassau County 1,339,532. Nassau County has a larger population for decades, but Suffolk County surpasses the 1990 census as growth and development continue to spread eastward. As Suffolk County has more than three times the land area of ​​Nassau County, the latter still has a much higher population density. According to the 2002 US Census American Community Survey, Nassau and Suffolk have the 10th and 26th highest household incomes in the country.
Population figures from the US Census Bureau Census 2010 show that whites are the largest racial group in all four districts, and the majority are in Nassau and Suffolk. In 2002, The New York Times cited a study by the non-profit group, ERASE Racism, which determined that the Nassau and Suffolk areas were the most racist rural areas in the United States.
In contrast, Queens is the most ethnically diverse region in the United States and the most diverse urban areas in the world.
According to a 2000 report on religion, which asks the congregation to respond, Catholics are the largest religious group on Long Island, with non-affiliates in second place. Catholics make up 52% ​​of the population of Nassau and Suffolk, compared to 22% for the country as a whole, with Jews at 16% and 7%, respectively, versus 1.7% nationwide. Only a small minority of Protestant respondents, 7% and 8% respectively, for the Nassau and Suffolk areas. This differs from 23% for all countries in the same survey, and 50% in self-identification surveys.
The growing population of nearly half a million Chinese Americans now lives on Long Island. The rapidly growing Chinatown has grown in Brooklyn (????) and Queens (??), with Chinese immigrants also moving to Nassau County, as did previous European immigrants, such as Ireland and Italy. Recently, the Little India community (?????) appeared in Hicksville, Nassau County, spreading eastward from the more established pockets of Little India in Queens.
Likewise, Long Island Koreatown (????????) comes from Flushing, Queens. It extends eastward along Northern Boulevard and into Nassau County.
Long Island is home to two Native American reservations, Poospatuck Reservations, and Shinnecock Reservation. Both reservations are in Suffolk County. Many island island names are Native American.
A 2010 article in The New York Times states that the expansion of immigrant labor in Long Island does not replace any work from other Long Island residents. Half of the immigrants on Long Island have a white collar position.
The districts of Nassau and Suffolk have long been famous for their prosperity. Long Island is home to some of the richest communities in the United States, including The Hamptons, in East End of South Shore of Suffolk County; Gold Coast, around the North Shore island, along Long Island Sound; and increasingly, the west coastline of Brooklyn, overlooking Manhattan. By 2016, according to Business Insider , the postal code 11962 which includes Sagaponack, in Southampton, is listed as the most expensive in the US, with an average home selling price of $ 8.5 million.
Economy
Long Island has played an important role in scientific research and engineering. It is the home of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the field of nuclear physics and research of the Department of Energy. Long Island is also home to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, directed for 35 years by James D. Watson (who, along with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin, discovered the double helix structure of DNA). Companies such as Sperry Rand, Computer Associates (based in Iceland), Zebra Technologies (now occupying the former headquarters of Symbol Technologies, and the former Grumman plant in Holtsville), have made Long Island the center of the computer industry. Stony Brook University of the State University of New York and the New York Institute of Technology perform advanced medical and technological research.
Long Island is home to the largest industrial park on the East Coast, the Hauppauge Industrial Park, which houses more than 1,300 companies employing more than 71,000 people. Companies in the park and abroad are represented by the Hauppauge Industrial Association. About 20% of Long Island residents commute to work in Manhattan. The eastern end of the island is still partly agricultural. The development of vineyards in North Fork has spawned a major veterinary industry, replacing potato fields. Pumpkin plantations have been added to traditional truck farms. The ranch allows the taking of fresh fruit by Long Islanders most of the year. Fisheries continue to be an important industry, especially in Huntington, Northport, Montauk, and other coastal communities in the East End and South Shore.
From about 1930 to about 1990, Long Island was considered one of the aerospace manufacturing centers of the United States, with companies such as Grumman Aircraft, Republic, Fairchild, and Curtiss having headquarters and factories on Long Island. This operation has largely been removed or significantly reduced.
Government and politics
Nassau County and Suffolk County each have their own government, with Executive County lead respectively. Each has district legislatures and elected officials throughout the region, including county attorneys, county clerks, and regional finance inspectors. Cities in both districts have their own governments as well, with city inspectors and city councils. Nassau County is divided into three towns and two small towns joined (Glen Cove and Long Beach). Suffolk County is divided into ten cities.
Brooklyn and Queens, on the other hand, have no local government. As a borough of New York City, both have borough presidents, most of which are ceremonial offices since the closing of the New York City Council. Each President of Borough is responsible for appointing people to the Brooklyn Community Council and the Queens Community Council, each of whom serves as advisor on local issues. Sixteen members of Brooklyn and eighteen Queens members represent the first and second largest district contingents of the New York City Council.
Law enforcement
Queens and Brooklyn are patrolled by the New York City Police Department. The Nassau and Suffolk Territories are served by the Nassau County Police Department and the Suffolk County Police Department, although several dozen villages and two towns in Nassau County have their own police departments. The Nassau County Sheriff's Department and Suffolk County Sheriff's Office handle civil procedures, eviction, warrant and enforcement services, transportation and detention of prisoners, and county jail operations. New York State Police patrols state parks and parkways.
Proposals for separation
The separation of Nassau and Suffolk areas on Long Island from New York was proposed at the beginning of 1896, but the talks were revived towards the end of the 20th century. On March 28, 2008, Suffolk Superintendent Joseph Sawicki proposed a plan that would make the Nassau and Suffolk region of Long Island the 51st state of the United States. Sawicki claims that all Nassau and Suffolk taxpayers' money will remain local, rather than funds scattered throughout New York state, with these countries sending to Albany more than three billion dollars more than they receive back. The state of Long Island will cover almost 3 million people (a population greater than fifteen other countries). Nassau County's executive Ed Mangano came out to support the proposal in April 2010 and commissioned a study of it.
Transportation
Each major form of transportation serves Long Island, including flights from John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, and Long Island MacArthur Airport, and several smaller airports; rail transport on Long Island Rail Road and New York City Subway; bus routes from the MTA Regional Bus Operations, Nassau Inter-County Express, and Suffolk County Transit; a ferry service from NYC Ferry and some smaller ferry companies; and several major highways. There is a historic and modern bridge, and a recreation and commuter path, which serves various parts of Long Island.
There are currently ten road crossings from Long Island, all within the border of New York City on the extreme west of the island. Plans for Long Island Crossing at various locations in Nassau and Suffolk Counties (proposed bridges or tunnels that will connect Long Island to the south with New York or Connecticut in the north across Long Island Sound) have been discussed for decades, but exist Currently none a strong plan to build such a crossing.
Public transport
The MTA implements mass transit for the New York metropolitan area including all five districts of New York City, the suburbs of the Netherlands, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk and Westchester, all of which are "Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District, MCTD) ".
MTA is the largest public transportation provider in the western hemisphere. Its agency serves 14.6 million people spread over 5,000 square miles (13,000 km²) from New York City through the southeastern parts of the country (including Long Island and Lower Hudson Valley), and Connecticut. Combined MTA agents are now moving more than 2.6 billion train and bus customers per year while employing about 70,000 workers.
Rel
The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) is the busiest commuter train system in North America, carrying an average of 282,400 passengers daily on 728 daily trains. Chartered on 24 April 1834, and operates continuously because, it is also the oldest train in the US that still operates under its original charter and name. The Metropolitan Transport Authority has operated the LIRR as one of the two commuter lines since 1966, and the LIRR is one of the few railroads around the world that provide services around the clock throughout the year. In July 2017, approval was granted by state legislators for a plan proposed by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo to add a third railway line to the Long Island Rail Road corridor between the Floral Park community and Hicksville in Nassau County. The nearly $ 2 billion transportation infrastructure improvement project is expected to accommodate anticipated growth in railroad rail and to facilitate travel between New York City and Nassau and Suffolk County on Long Island.
Bus
Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE) provides a bus service in Nassau County, while Suffolk County Transit, a Suffolk County government agency, provides bus services in Suffolk County. In 2012, NICE replaced the former Long Island Buses in transporting Long Islanders throughout Nassau County while still allowing them to use MTA MetroCards as payment.
Road
The Long Island Expressway, the Northern State Parkway, and Southern State Parkway, all the products of the car-centered Robert Moses plan, are the island's ultimate east-west access controlled highway.
Ground Transport
Being a large and densely populated island with several airports connecting the island to the world, there are several hundred transportation companies serving the Long Island/New York City area. The Winston airport shuttle, the oldest of these companies in business since 1973, was the first to introduce door-to-door shuttle service to and from major airports, which almost all transport companies use now.
Education
Primary and secondary education
Many public and private high schools on Long Island are among the best in the United States. Nassau and Suffolk counties are home to 125 public school districts containing a total of 656 public schools. It also hosts a number of private schools such as Friends Academy, Chaminade High School, Kellenberg Memorial High School, St. Anthony's High School, and North Shore Hebrew Academy, as well as parish schools, many of which are operated by the Rockville Catholic Diocese of the Rockville Center.
In contrast, all Brooklyn and Queens are served by the New York City Department of Education, the largest school district in the United States. Three of the nine special high schools in New York City are located in two districts of Long Island, namely Brooklyn Latin School, Brooklyn Technical High School (one of three special schools), and Queens High School for the Sciences. Like Nassau and Suffolk Counties, they are also home to many private schools, such as Poly Prep Country School Day, Packer Collegiate Institute, and Saint Ann's School, and Berkeley Carroll School, and parochial schools operated by Brooklyn Catholic Diocese.
Colleges and universities
Long Island is home to many higher education institutions, both public and private. Brooklyn and Queens contains five of eleven senior colleges in CUNY, the state university system in New York City and one of the largest in the country. Among these are the famous institutions of Brooklyn College and Queens College. Brooklyn also has private colleges such as the Pratt Institute and New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering, an engineering college that joins New York University in 2014.
Some colleges and universities in the State University of New York system are located on Long Island, such as Stony Brook (who records health sciences and medical centers), as well as Nassau Community College and Suffolk County Community College that serve their respective districts. Private institutions include the New York Institute of Technology, Hofstra University and Adelphi University (both located in Hempstead City), as well as the University of Long Island (with its CW Post campus, located in the former Gold Coast area in Brookville, and the satellite campus in downtown Brooklyn ). Long Island also contains the Webb Institute, a small naval architecture college in Glen Cove. In addition, the island is home to the American Academy of Marine Traders, the Federal Service Academy located at Kings Point, on the North Shore.
Culture
Music
Music on Long Island (Nassau and Suffolk) is strongly influenced by its proximity to New York City and by the suburban youth culture. Psychedelic rocks were very popular in the 1960s when a flock of disgruntled youth traveled to NYC to participate in protests and culture at the time. Slope; B also has history on Long Island, especially in areas close to New York City. In the late 1970s and 1980s, the influence of WLIR radio stations made Long Island one of the first places in the US to hear and embrace European New Wave bands such as Depeche Mode, Pet Shop Boys and Culture Club. In the 1990s, hip-hop became very popular with pioneer rappers Rakim, EPMD, and Public Enemy grew up on Long Island. Recently, new bands have made a name for themselves from Long Island, including Brand New, Austin Schoeffel, Jon Bellion, and Envy on the Coast.
The famous rock bands from Long Island include The Rascals, The Ramones (from Queens), Dream Theater, Blue ÃÆ'-yster Cult, Twisted Sister and virtuosos guitar Donald (Buck Dharma) Roeser, John Petrucci, Steve Vai and Joe Satriani, as also drummer Mike Portnoy. Rock and pop singer Billy Joel grew up in Hicksville, Long Island and his young life was reflected in some of his music.
The Nassau Coliseum and Nikon at the Jones Beach Theater are the venues used by the national touring activities as showrooms for concerts. Nikon at Jones Beach Theater is an outdoor amphitheater located in Jones Beach State Park. This is a popular place to see summer concerts, with new and classic artists performing there during the summer. It hosts a great Fourth of July fireworks show every year that fills the stands. People also parked cars along the highway to the show, and others watched from nearby beaches.
Long Island is also known for its school music program. Many schools in Suffolk County have different music programs, with a high number of students admitted to statewide state bands, or even the National All-Eastern Coast music group. The Suffolk County and Nassau County Music Educator associations are recognized by the National Association for Music Education (NAfME), and organize events, competitions and other music events.
Cuisine
Long Island has historically been the center for fishing and seafood. This legacy continues on the Blue Point oyster, a variety that is now everywhere that was originally harvested in Great South Bay and is Queen Victoria's favorite oyster. Shellfish is also a popular food and shell that dug a popular leisure quest, with the famous Manhattan shellfish having the origin of Long Island.
From an earth-based product, Long Island ducks have a history of national recognition since the 19th century, with four duck farms continuing to produce 2 million ducks per year by 2013. Two legacy symbols of Long Island duck breeding are Long Island Small duck Baseball teams -league and Big Duck, a 1931 duck-shaped building that is a historic landmark and tourist attraction. In addition to the Long Island duck industry, Riverhead contains one of the largest buffalo farms on the East coast.
Long Island is famous for its alcoholic beverage production. Eastern Long Island is a significant wine producer. The vineyard is mostly concentrated in the North Fork on Long Island, which contains 38 wineries. Most contain the tasting room, which serves as a popular tourist spot for visitors from across the New York metropolitan area. Long Island has also been a producer of a wide range of craft beers, with 15 microbreweries throughout Nassau and Suffolk in 2013. The largest is the Blue Point Brewing Company, the most famous with toasted lager. Long Island is also known globally for its distinctive cocktail, Long Island Iced Tea, supposedly created at the Babylon nightclub, the popular Oak Beach Inn of the 1970s.
Long Island restaurants are mostly products of local ethnic populations in the region. Asian cuisine, Italian cuisine, Jewish cuisine and Latin American cuisine are the most popular categories of ethnic cuisine on Long Island in the second decade of the 2000s. Asian cuisine is dominated by East Asian, South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Italian cuisine is found in pizzerias spread all over the island, with the region hosting the annual competition, the Long Island Pizza Festival & Bake-Off. Jewish cuisine is also represented by a delicatessen and bagels. Latin American cuisine reaches their geographic origin, from Brazilian rodizios to Mexican taquerias.
Sports
Main league sports
New York Mets baseball team plays at Citi Field in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. Their former stadium, Shea Stadium is also home to the New York Jets football team from 1964 to 1983. The new stadium is designed with the main exterior faust and rotunda entrance inspired by the infamous Ebbets Field Brooklyn (see below). The New York Mets had planned to move their Double-A farming team to Long Island, as part of an ambitious but now-dead plan for Nassau County called The Lighthouse Project. The Brooklyn Cyclones is a small league baseball team, affiliated with the New York Mets. The Cyclones play at MCU Park outside the boardwalk on Coney Island in Brooklyn. A synthetic turf baseball complex called Baseball Heaven is located in Yaphank.
The Barclays Center, sports arena, business, and residential complex built partially on a platform over Atlantic Yards on Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, is the current home of the Brooklyn Nets basketball team and the New York Islanders hockey team. The transition from New Jersey in the summer of 2012 marks the return to Long Island for the Nets franchise, which was played at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale from 1972 to 1977. The islanders played at the Nassau Coliseum from early 1972 to 2015.
Ebbets Field, which stood in Brooklyn from 1913 until its demolition in 1960, was the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, who moved to California after the 1957 Major League Baseball season to become Los Angeles Dodgers. Dodgers won several National League banners in the 1940s and 1950s, losing several times in the World Series - often called the Subway Series - to their Bronx rivals the New York Yankees. The Dodgers won their single championship in Brooklyn in 1955 World Series versus the Yankees.
Despite this success during the final part of his team live in Brooklyn, they are a second division team with a remarkable winning record for most of their history there - but nevertheless became legendary for the almost-fanatic devotion of the crowded Brooklyn crowd relatively small average to firmly rooted for the team they call dear, "Dem Bums". The loss of Dodgers to California is locally regarded as a civil tragedy that negatively affects communities far more than similar movements from other teams established into new cities in the 1950s, including Dodgers' long-rivals New York Giants, who also departed to California after 1957.
Sports league and minor college
Long Island is also home to the Little Island Ducks small league baseball team from the Atlantic League. Their stadium, Bethpage Ballpark, is located in Central Islip. The Little League baseball team Brooklyn Cyclones, affiliated with the New York Mets, plays in the New York-Penn League Short-Season League. The Cyclones play at MCU Park just off the Coney Island dock in the New York City district of Brooklyn. The New York Dragons of the Arena Football League play their home game at the Nassau Coliseum. The two main rugby teams are Long Island RFC in East Meadow and Suffolk Bull Moose at Stony Brook.
The New York Sharks is an American women's soccer team that is currently a member of the Women's Football Alliance. The New York Sharks home field is at the Aviator Sports Complex in Brooklyn.
Long Island has a professional football club, New York Cosmos, who plays in Division 2 North American Soccer League at James M. Shuart Stadium in Hempstead.
Long Island has historically been a lacrosse nest at youth and college levels, which made way for the Major League Lacrosse team in 2001, Long Island Lizard. The Lizard plays at the Mitchel Athletic Complex in Uniondale.
Other sports
Long Island has a variety of golf courses found throughout the island. Two of the most famous are Shinnecock Hills Golf Club and Public Bethpage Black Course, both of which have hosted several US open tournaments as well as several other top international championships. Queens also hosts one of four grand slams of tennis, the US Open. Every August (September, in the Olympic year) the world's best tennis players travel to Long Island to play the championships, held at the USTA National Tennis Center, located adjacent to Citi Field at Flushing Meadows Park. The complex also contains the world's largest tennis stadium, Arthur Ashe Stadium.
Long Island also has two horse racing tracks, Aqueduct Racetrack in Ozone Park, Queens and Belmont Park on the Queens/Nassau border at Elmont, home of Belmont Stakes. The world's oldest horse racetrack is also located in Belmont Park. Other categories of popular sporting events in the region involve firematic racing events, which involve many local volunteer firefighters.
Famous sports and team
Long Island adalah rumah bagi banyak atlet terkenal, termasuk Hall of Famers Jim Brown, Julius Erving, John Mackey, Whitey Ford, Nick Drahos, dan Carl Yastrzemski. Lainnya termasuk Gold Medalists Sue Bird, Sarah Hughes dan Derrick Adkins, D'Brickashaw Ferguson, Billy Donovan, Larry Brown, Rick Pitino, John McEnroe, Jumbo Elliott, Mick Foley, Zack Ryder, Matt Serra, Boomer Esiason, Vinny Testaverde, Craig Biggio , Frank Catalanotto, Greg Sacks, Rob Burnett, Steve Park, Frank Viola, Chris Weidman, Marques Colston, dan Speedy Claxton.
Some NHL players are currently born and/or raised on Long Island, such as Vancouver Canucks Christopher Higgins and Matt Gilroy, Nashville Predators Eric Nystrom, Toronto Maple Leaf, Mike Komisarek, Pittsburgh Penguin Rob Scuderi, and New Jersey Devil Keith Kinkaid. Both Komisarek and Higgins played in the same Suffolk County Hockey League team at an early age, and then played at the Montreal Canadiens together. Nick Drahos was an All Scholastic and All Long Island honoree at Lawrence High School, Nassau Co. in 1936 and 1937, and twice the Unanimous National College All-American in 1939 and 1940 at Cornell University.
See also
- Geography of New York City
- List of movies recorded on Long Island
- List of Long Island recreational facilities
- List of Long Islanders, famous residents of Nassau and Suffolk
- A list of people from New York City, including the famous residents of Brooklyn and Queens
- List of references to Long Island venues in popular culture
- Long Island (the proposed country)
- New Holland
- The city creation timeline in Downstate New York
Note
References
External links
- Media related to Long Island on Wikimedia Commons
- Long Island travel guides from Wikivoyage
- Ã, Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Long Island". The American CyclopÃÆ'Â|dia . Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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